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. 2025 Nov 24;25:1259. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-08379-1

Table 4.

Pre- and post-treatment ODI scores [Inline graphic]

Group ODI score Within-group
Pre-treatment Post-treatment t P
Control 20.40 ± 2.93 15.37 ± 2.37 10.19 < 0.001
Intervention 21.34 ± 3.05 11.13 ± 2.55 11.48 < 0.001
t (between-group) 1.83 10.04 -
P 0.69 < 0.001