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. 2025 Nov 17;2025:4623346. doi: 10.1155/humu/4623346

Table 7.

TNF-α genotype and allele frequency for patients with GDM.

TNF-α loci Control group ( N = 280) GDM group ( N = 160) OR (95% CI) a p a
n Percentage (%) n Percentage (%)
−308 G/A
GG 101 36.1 38 23.8 1.00REF
GA 114 40.7 79 49.4 1.84 (1.05-2.95) 0.011
AA 65 23.2 43 26.8 1.76 (1.03-3.01) 0.038
G 316 56.4 155 48.4 1.00REF
A 244 43.6 165 51.6 1.65 (1.25-2.17) <0.001
−863 C/A
CC 152 54.3 90 56.3 1.00REF
CA 112 40.0 60 37.5 1.90 (0.51-1.61) 0.847
AA 16 5.7 10 6.2 1.06 (0.33-3.42) 0.832
C 416 74.3 240 75.0 1.00REF
A 144 25.7 80 25.0 1.96 (0.62-1.51) 0.959

Note: The bolded data are significant in terms of statistics. “REF” represents “reference group.”

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; OR, odds ratio.

aAdjusted for sex and age by logistic regression model.