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. 2025 Nov 24;15:41541. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-25437-y

Table 3.

Surface roughness values of the PUL, PUC, PUZ, and PET groups at baseline and after repeated toothbrushing (n = 5).

Group Baseline After repeated toothbrushing
Mean S.D. Median Min–max Mean S.D. Median Min–max
PUL 1.69a 0.18 1.69 1.46–1.92 1.79a 0.16 1.88 1.59–1.95
PUC 1.65a 0.14 1.63 1.49–1.86 1.67a 0.08 1.68 1.58–1.77
PUZ 1.76a 0.27 1.81 1.37–2.02 1.71a 0.08 1.73 1.61–1.78
PET 0.94b 0.07 0.91 0.88–1.04 0.95b 0.16 0.89 0.82–1.22
Significance *** ***

Statistical significances were tested by ANOVA and multiple comparisons with the Tukey test at the significance level of p < 0.05. Superscript letters (a, b, c) indicate results of post hoc comparisons; groups sharing the same letter are not significantly different (p > 0.05). ***p < 0.001.