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. 2025 Nov 24;15:41682. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-25613-0

Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses associated of factors with 3-year OS before PSM (n=921).

Variables Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
HR (95% CI) P HR (95% CI) P
TME quality (Grade C, Grade B vs. Grade A) 1.702 (1.114~2.600) 0.014 1.691 (1.133~2.522) 0.010
Surgery method (Laparoscopic vs. Open) 1.506 (0.884~2.565) 0.132
Gender (Female vs. Male) 0.589 (0.346~1.002) 0.051 0.583 (0.344~0.987) 0.045
Age (>60 vs. ≤60 years) 1.329 (0.827~2.136) 0.240
BMI (>25 vs. ≤25 kg/m2) 0.925 (0.524~1.633) 0.788
ASA score ((III, II vs. I) 1.008 (0.622~1.634) 0.975
CEA (>5 vs. ≤5 ng/ml) 1.307 (0.729~2.341) 0.368
CA19-9 (>37 vs. ≤37 U/ml) 2.289 (0.906~5.782) 0.080 2.510 (1.044~6.035) 0.040
Distance to the anal verge (mm) 0.981 (0.965~0.999) 0.033 0.982 (0.968~0.996) 0.013
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (Yes vs. No) 1.967 (1.100~3.520) 0.023 1.863 (1.054~3.290) 0.032
Sphincter preservation (Yes vs. No) 1.059 (0.577~1.941) 0.854
Central group lymph nodes status (Positive vs. Negative) 2.579 (0.826~8.051) 0.103 3.010 (1.001~9.053) 0.050
pT stage (T4, T3, T2, T1 vs. T0/Tis) 1.731 (1.115~2.687) 0.014 1.356 (1.055~1.742) 0.017
pN stage (N+ vs. N0) 5.610 (1.595~19.734) 0.007 2.359 (1.441~3.862) 0.001
pTNM stage (III, II, I vs. 0) 0.543 (0.239~1.235) 0.145

Abbreviations: PSM, propensity-score matching; OS, overall survival; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists Score; CEA, circumferential resection margin; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9.