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. 2025 Nov 24;15:41682. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-25613-0

Table 4.

Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses associated of factors with 3-year OS after PSM (n=537).

Variables Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
HR (95% CI) P HR (95% CI) P
TME quality (Grade B/C vs. Grade A) 1.862 (1.012~3.427) 0.046 1.881 (1.035~3.416) 0.038
Surgery method (Laparoscopic vs. Open) 1.371 (0.720~2.610) 0.336
Gender (Female vs. Male) 0.814 (0.432~1.535) 0.526
Age (>60 vs. ≤60 years) 1.350 (0.739~2.466) 0.329
BMI (>25 vs. ≤25 kg/m2) 0.862 (0.402~1.847) 0.702
ASA score ((III, II vs. I) 0.747 (0.394~1.418) 0.373
CEA (>5 vs. ≤5 ng/ml) 1.344 (0.660~2.736) 0.415
CA19-9 (>37 vs. ≤37 U/ml) 2.802 (0.982~7.992) 0.054 2.769 (1.060~7.235) 0.038
Distance to the anal verge (mm) 0.986 (0.965~1.008) 0.201
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (Yes vs. No) 2.231 (1.059~4.701) 0.035
Sphincter preservation (Yes vs. No) 1.070 (0.522~2.191) 0.854
Central group lymph nodes status (Positive vs. Negative) 3.118 (0.912~10.665) 0.070 4.324 (1.420~13.167) 0.010
pT stage (T4, T3, T2, T1 vs. T0/Tis) 1.558 (0.905~2.683) 0.110
pN stage (N+ vs. N0) 4.763 (0.948~23.921) 0.058 2.372 (1.299~4.330) 0.005
pTNM stage (III, II, I vs. 0) 0.591 (0.214~1.637) 0.312

Abbreviations: PSM, propensity-score matching; OS, overall survival; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists Score; CEA, circumferential resection margin; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9.