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. 2025 Nov 6;99(11):e01295-25. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01295-25

Fig 2.

Graphs and microscopy depict kinetics of serum HBsAg and HBV DNA over infection days, intracellular hepatic DNA levels, and HBsAg staining across mouse liver samples, depicting progressive infection and variation in antigen expression over time.

Intracellular accumulation of viral products is prevented from further increasing upon reaching the peak infection. (A and B) Kinetic serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels. (C) Intrahepatic HBsAg, rcDNA, and cccDNA levels (copies/cell). Intracellular HBsAg was measured with ELISA. One mouse was sacrificed at each timepoint. (D) Immunostaining of intracellular HBsAg shows the spread of infection by increasing the number of HBsAg-positive cells, and it appears that most cells were HBsAg positive around day 50 pi. Red arrows indicate two HBsAg-positive cells on the day 18 section. pi: post-infection; cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA; rcDNA, relaxed circular DNA. HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen. Error bars were plotted with standard deviations. Days pi indicates the day the mouse was sacrificed. 806, 834, etc. mouse ID.