TABLE 2.

Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with delayed medical seeking in women with stress urinary incontinence (N = 1400).

Variable	Reference category	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Demographic characteristics
Age (per 1-year increase)	–	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	< 0.001
BMI (per 1-unit increase)	–	1.07 (1.02–1.12)	0.004
Education level	Primary or below	–	< 0.001
– Secondary	0.63 (0.46–0.86)	0.004
– College or above	0.26 (0.18–0.38)	< 0.001
Employment status	Unemployed/retired	0.73 (0.58–0.91)	0.006
Marital status	Unmarried/divorced/widowed	0.78 (0.54–1.12)	0.174
Clinical characteristics
SUI duration > 12 months	≤ 12 months	4.86 (3.91–6.06)	< 0.001
SUI severity	Mild	–	< 0.001
– Moderate	1.35 (1.01–1.80)	0.041
– Severe	3.81 (2.70–5.37)	< 0.001
Previous conservative treatment	Yes	2.71 (2.07–3.56)	< 0.001
First consulted department	Gynecology	–	< 0.001
– Urology	2.64 (2.00–3.47)	< 0.001
– Other	1.52 (0.97–2.37)	0.068
Psychological measures
SAS score (per 1-point increase)	–	1.08 (1.06–1.10)	< 0.001
SDS score (per 1-point increase)	–	1.07 (1.05–1.09)	< 0.001
Perceived shame (per 1-point increase)	–	1.72 (1.53–1.93)	< 0.001
Social avoidance (Yes vs. No)	No	2.64 (2.09–3.34)	< 0.001
Low self-esteem (Yes vs. No)	No	2.62 (2.00–3.44)	< 0.001

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; SUI, stress urinary incontinence; SAS, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS, Self-Rating Depression Scale. Education level and SUI severity were analyzed as categorical variables using dummy coding with the lowest category as reference. Continuous variables (age, BMI, SAS, SDS, shame) were treated linearly. Variables with P < 0.10 were considered for multivariable modeling in Table 3. “Delayed seeking” was defined as a time interval > 6 months between symptom onset and first consultation.