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. 2025 Nov 6;14(11):1339. doi: 10.3390/antiox14111339
ROS Reactive oxygen species
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
UV-VIS Ultraviolet–visible
HPLC-ED High-performance liquid chromatography–electrochemical detection
HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography
MTS 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
RPMI Roswell Park Memorial Institute
DMEM Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
RSD Relative standard deviation
RE Rutin equivalents
IC50 Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
FBS Fetal bovine serum
RSA Radical scavenging activity
TPC Total phenolic content
TFC Total flavonoid content
n.s. No significant correlation observed (p ≥ 0.05)
4T1 Breast cancer cell line derived from mammary gland tissue of a mouse
A549 Adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cell line
Caki-1 Human kidney carcinoma cell line
HCT116 Human colon cancer cell line
MCF7 Human breast cancer cell line
HEK-293 Healthy human embryonic kidney cell line 
WHO World Health Organization
KUBG Kaunas Botanical Garden Herbarium