| CM | Cow Milk |
| GM | Goat Milk |
| DM | Donkey Milk |
| LAB | Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| B. | Bifidobacterium |
| L. | Lactobacillus |
| Lc. | Lacticaseibacillus |
| Lp. | Lactiplantibacillus |
| Ls. | Limosilactobacillus |
| OD | Optical Density |
| MRS | de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (broth/agar) |
| TPC | Total Phenolic Content |
| GA | Gallic Acid |
| GAE | Gallic Acid Equivalents |
| RSA | Radical Scavenging Activity |
| DPPH• | 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical |
| UV-vis | Ultraviolet |
| HCEC-1CT | Human Colon Epithelial Cell line |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| RIPA | Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay (buffer) |
| tBHP | Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide |
| BHI | Brain Heart Infusion (broth/agar) |
| SD | Standard Deviation |
| SEM | Standard Error of the Mean |