Skip to main content
. 2025 Nov 5;14(11):1331. doi: 10.3390/antiox14111331
CM Cow Milk
GM Goat Milk
DM Donkey Milk
LAB Lactic Acid Bacteria
B. Bifidobacterium
L. Lactobacillus
Lc. Lacticaseibacillus
Lp. Lactiplantibacillus
Ls. Limosilactobacillus
OD Optical Density
MRS de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (broth/agar)
TPC Total Phenolic Content
GA Gallic Acid
GAE Gallic Acid Equivalents
RSA Radical Scavenging Activity
DPPH• 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical
UV-vis Ultraviolet
HCEC-1CT Human Colon Epithelial Cell line
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
RIPA Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay (buffer)
tBHP Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
BHI Brain Heart Infusion (broth/agar)
SD Standard Deviation
SEM Standard Error of the Mean