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. 2025 Nov 5;14(11):1115. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14111115
BAP Bioactive Peptide
AMP Antimicrobial Peptide
APD3 Antimicrobial Peptide Database 3
AMR Antibiotic Resistance
WHO World Health Organization
MERS Middle East respiratory syndrome
SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome
AVP Antiviral peptides
AFP Antifungal peptides
SPPS Solid-phase Peptide Synthesis
HBTU O-benzotriazole-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-uronium-hexafluoro-phosphate
HATU O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
DIC N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide
CCK Cyclic Cystine Knot
DMF Dimethylformamide
UAE Ultrasound-assisted extraction
PEF Pulsed electric fields
HHP High hydrostatic pressure
AI Artificial Intelligence
ML Machine Learning
GST Glutathione S-transferase
MBP Maltose-binding protein
GRAS Generally recognized as safe
PG Phosphatidylglycerol
CL Cardiolipin
PS Phosphatidylserine
LPS Lipopolysaccharides
HSPG Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
HCMV Human cytomegaloviruses
MCMV Murine cytomegaloviruses
DHFR Dihydrofolate reductase
TCA Tricarboxylic acid
SQR Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase
ROS Reactive oxygen species
HSV-1 Simplex virus type 1
HDPs Host defense peptides
LBP Binding protein
FDA Food and Drug Administration
IV Intravenous injections
IM Intramuscular injections
SC Subcutaneous injections
CS/SA Chitosan/sodium alginate
QSAR Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship
CNNs Convolutional Neural Networks
DNNs Deep Neural Networks
RNNs Recurrent Neural Networks
VAEs Variational Autoencoders
GANs Generative Adversarial Networks
MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
DL Deep learning
SVM Support vector machines
AIR Ambiguous interaction restraints (AIRs).