AA	Ascorbic acid
Ab	Antibody
ACV	Alternating Current Voltammetry
AE	Acridinium ester
AFP	Alpha-feto protein
AgNPS	Silver nanoparticles
AGP	Arabinogalactan protein
APC	Activated protein-C
Apo	Apolipoprotein
Apt	Aptamer
APTES	3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Arg	Arginine
Au	Gold
AUC	Area under the curve
AuE	Gold electrode
AuNCs	Gold nanocages
AuNPs	Gold nanoparticles
AuNRs	Gold nanorods
AuSPE	Gold screen printed electrode
b-ME	β-mercaptoethanol
Bp-SNF	Bipolar silica nanochannel film
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
btn	Biotin
BVO	BiVO4
CA	Carbohydrate antigen
cAPT	Aptamer complementary strand
CAVIN	Caveolae-associated protein
CCNT	Carboxylic carbon nanotube
cDNA	Complementary DNA
CDRH	Center for Devices and Radiological Health
CD63	Granulophysin
CEA	Carcinoembryonic antigen
CHIT	Chitosan
CNTs	Carbon nanotubes
COFs	Covalent organic frameworks
CP	Calprotectin
cpDNA	Complementry DNA
CQDs	Carbon quantum dots
CR	Creatinine
CRC	Colorectal cancer
CRP	C-reactive protein
CSPE	Carbon screen printed electrode
CTCs	Ciculating tumor cells
ctDNA	Circulating tumor DNA
CTF	Covalent triazine framework
cTnI	Troponin I
cTnT	Cardiac troponin
CV	Cyclic voltammetry
cys	Cysteine
DA	Dopamine
DHEA	Dehydroepiandrosterone
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
dNTPs	Nucleotides
DP	Dopamine
DPV	Differential pulse voltammetry
ECL	Electrochemiluminescence
EGaIn	Eutectic gallium indium
EIS	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
ePAD	Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices
Exo	Exonuclease
FBS	Fetal bovine serum
Fc	Ferrocene
Fc-HP	Ferrocene-hairpin DNA
FDA	Food and drug administration
FEN	Flap endonuclease
FH	Ferrocenylhexanethiol
FIT	Fecal immunotest
FRET	Förster resonance energy transfer
GCE	Glassy carbon electrode
GE	Graphene electrode
GHBP	Growth hormone receptor
Glu	Glucose
Gly	Glycine
GNPs	gold nanoparticles
GO	Graphene oxide
GOD	Glucose oxidase
GrSPE	Graphene screen printed electrodes
GSH	Glutathione
G4	G-quadruplex
Hb	Hemoglobulin
HCG	Human chorionic gonadotropin
HCR	Hybridization chain reaction
Hcy	Homocysteine
He	Hemin
HER-2	Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2
hFBPA	Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein
HFGN	Hierarchical flower-like gold nanostructure
HITP	2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene
HRP	Horse radish peroxidase
HSA	Human serum albumin
HT	Hexanothiol
IDE	Interdigitated electrodes
IFN	Interferon
Ig	Immunoglobulin
IL	Interleukin
ISF	Interstitial fluid
ITO	Indium tin oxide
IVDR	In vitro diagnostic regulation
IVDs	In vitro diagnostic devices
JNP	janus particles
KD	Dissociation constant
lncRNAs	Long non-coding RNA
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LSW	Linear sweep voltammetry
Lyz	Lysozymes
m-SELEX	Membrane-SELEX
MACE	Microbead-assisted capillary electrophoresis
MACNTs	Magnetic Carbon nanotubes
MARAS	Magnetic-Assisted Rapid Aptamer Selection
MB	Methylene blue
MBs	Magnetic beads
MCF	Mesoporous carbon foam
MCH	Mercaptohexanol
MC-LR	Microcystin
miRNAs	microRNAs
MMPs	Matrix metalloproteinases
MNs	Microneedles
MNTPS	Magneitc nanoparticles
MOFs	Metal–organic frameworks
MRD	Molecular residual disease
MSA	Mercaptosuccinic acid
MSI	Microsatellite instability
MUC	Mucin
MWCNTs	Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Myo	Myoglobin
NCD	nitrogen dopped carbon dots
NCL	Nucleolin
NGAL	Lipocalin-2
N-GQDSNPs	Nitrogen-graphene quantum dots nanoparticles
NMP	Nuclear matrix protein
NPs	Nanoparticles
NSE	Neuron-specific enolase
OPN	Osteopotin
OVA	Ovalbumin
PBA	Phenylboronic acid
PCB	Printed circuit board
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
PCT	Procalcitonin
PDA	Polymerized dopamine
PDMS	Polydimethylsiloxane
PEDOT:PSS	3,4-(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
PFcGE	Poly(ferrocenyl glycidyl ether)-grafted
pfLDH	Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase
PMA	Premarket Approval
PNAs	Peptide nucleic acids
PSA	Prostate specific antigen
PTB7-Th	poly{4,8-bis[5-(2-ethylhexyl) thiophen-2-yl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl] thieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-4,6-diyl}
PTK7	Tyrosine-protein kinase-like 7
PtNPs	Platinum nanoparticles
QCM	Quartz crystal microbalance
QDs	Quantum dots
RAB26	Ras-related protein
RCA	Rolling circle amplification
rGO	Reduce graphene oxide
rGO/IL	Reduced graphene oxide ionic liquid
rHP	Residual hairpins strands
RTG	Rammna-tag
SA	Standard addition
SAA	Serum Amyloid A
SCD146	Soluble melanoma cell adhesion molecule
SELEX	Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment
SERS	Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
SOMAMERS	Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamers
SPCE	Screen printed carbon electrodes
SPR	Surface plasmon resonance
ssDNA	Single stranded DNA
strep	Streptavidin
SWCNTs	Single well carbon nanotubes
SWV	Square wave voltammetry
S100	Calcium related proteins
POC	Point-of-care
PtμEs:	Platinum microelectrode
TB	Thrombin
TcTn-I	Troponin I
tDNA	Trigger DNA
TFGA	Surface flexible thin film gold arrays chips
TIMP-1	Metalloproteinases-1
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TPP	Triblock polyadenine probe
TRP	Tryptophan
UA	Uric acid
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VMSF	Vertically ordered mesoporous silica film
ZIS	ZnIn2S4
4-MBA	4-mercaptobenzoic acid
6-FAM	Fluorescein
µPADs	Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices