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. 2025 Nov 17;13(11):2801. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13112801
CMP Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
ECM Extracellular Matrix
ESWT Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy
HILT High-Intensity Laser Therapy
SWI Ultrasound-Guided Mechanical Needling with Sterile Water Injection
NSS Normal Saline Solution
RCT Randomized Controlled Trial
NOS Newcastle–Ottawa Scale
RoB 2.0 Risk of Bias 2.0 Tool
GRADE Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation
VAS Visual Analog Scale
OA Osteoarthritis
WOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index