AB	alveolar bone
ABC	alveolar bone cells
ADM	acellular dermal matrix
AT-MSCs	Adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells
ALP	alkaline phosphatase
ALPL	gene encoding alkaline phosphatase
ASA	acetylsalicylic acid
bFGF	basic fibroblast growth factor
BGM	bioactive glass microspheres
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
BMSCs	bone marrow stem cells
b-TCP	b-tricalcium phosphate
BV	tissue volume (bone volume)
BV/TV	bone volume/total volume
CAD	computer-aided design
CAL	clinical attachment level
CaP	calcium phosphate
COL	collagen
CT	computed tomography
CTGF	connective tissue growth factor
DBB	droplet-based bioprinting
dECM	decellularized extracellular matrix
dPDL	decellularized periodontal ligament
dTM	decellularized tooth matrix
DLP	digital light processing
DPSCs	dental pulp stem cells
DSCs	dental stem cells
DSP	dentin sialoprotein
DSPP	dentin sialophosphoprotein
ECM	extracellular matrix
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
FDM	fused deposition modeling
FGF5	fibroblast growth factor 5
GelMa	gelatin methacryloyl
GMCs	gingival margin-derived cells
GR	gingival recession
GSCs	gingival stem cells
GTR	guided tissue regeneration
Gum–HA	gum-hydroxyapatite
HA	hyaluronic acid
HAp	hydroxyapatite
HE	hematoxylin and eosin
HGF	hepatocyte growth factor
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
IDO	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
IFN-γ	interferon-γ
IHC	Immunohistochemical
IL1β	interleukin 1β
IL6	interleukin 6
IL8	interleukin 8
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase family
MCM2	minichromosome maintenance complex component 2
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases
MyD88	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88
NMMII	non-muscle myosin II (Rho/ROCK)
OCN	osteocalcin (bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein)
OPG	osteoprotegerin (TNFRSF11B)
OPN	osteopontin (SPP1)
PCL	polycaprolactone
PCNA	proliferating cell nuclear antigen
PD	periodontal desease
PDL	periodontal ligament
PDLSCs	periodontal ligament-derived stem cells
PGE2	prostaglandin E2
PLGA	poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PTGS2	prostaglandin–endoperoxide synthase 2
RANK	kappa-B nuclear factor activator receptor
RANKL	receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa ligand
SA	sodium alginate
SCAP	stem cells from the apical papilla
SHED	stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth
SLA	stereolithography
SOD	superoxide dismutase
TGF-β	transforming growth factor beta
TIMP-1	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1
TLR4	toll-like receptor 4
TLS	triple-layered structure
TNFα	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TRAF6	TNF receptor-associated Factor 6
TT	trabecular thickness of bone
UC-MSCs	umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
YAP	Yes-associated protein