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. 2025 Nov 16;15(11):1231. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15111231
TLE Temporal Lobe Epilepsy 
DG Dentate Gyrus 
CA Cornu Ammonis
HFOs High-Frequency Oscillations 
hPSC Human Pluripotent Stem Cell 
Wnt3a Wingless -Type MMTV Integration Site Family, Member 3A
SHH Sonic Hedgehog
ZBTB20 Zinc Finger and BTB Domain Containing 20
PROX1 Prospero Homeobox 1
CB Calbindin
CR Calretinin
NPY Neuropeptide R 
SOM Somatostatin
VIP Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
iPSCs Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
SCN8A Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 8
LTP/LTD Long-Term Potentiation/Long-Term Depression
EDD-13 Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 13
NeuN Neuronal Nuclei 
MAP2 Microtubule-Associated Protein 2
VGLUT Vesicular Glutamate Transporters
NMDA N-Methyl- D-Aspartate
GABA Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
ARX Aristaless-Related Homeobox (gene regulating brain development and interneuron differentiation)
PV Parvalbumin
GRIA1 Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor AMPA Type Subunit 1
GRIN2A Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2A 
SHISA9 Shisa Family Member X
CACNG Calcium Voltage Gated Channel Auxiliary Subunit (neuronal AMPA receptor modulation)
LITT Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy
ChAT Choline Acetyltransferase
VNS Vagus Nerve Stimulation
DBS Deep Brain Stimulation