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. 2025 Nov 2;16(11):1314. doi: 10.3390/genes16111314
ART Assisted reproductive technology
AZF Azoospermia factor
COFRAC Comité français d’accréditation
DFI DNA fragmentation index
DMCs Differentially methylated CpGs
FISH Fluorescence in situ Hybridization
GO Gene ontology
GTEx Genotype tissue expression
ICSI Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
IRB Institutional review board
IHC Immunohistochemistry
IUI Intra uterine insemination
IVF In vitro fertilization
HBV Hepatitis B virus
HCV Hepatitis C virus
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
mHTF modified human tubal fluid
nTPM Normalized transcripts per million
TUNEL Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labeling
OAT Oligo astheno teratozoospermia
POHaD Paternal origins of health and disease
SCSA Sperm chromatin structure assay
SFI Sperm functional index
WHO World health organization