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. 2025 Nov 2;12(11):432. doi: 10.3390/jcdd12110432
ADH Antidiuretic hormone
ADHF Acute decompensated heart failure
ANP Atrial natriuretic peptide
BNP B-type natriuretic peptide
BP Blood pressure
CKD Chronic kidney disease
CO Cardiac output
CVD Cardiovascular disease
EF Ejection fraction
ESC European Society of Cardiology
NO Nitric oxide
NYHA New York Heart Association
HF Heart failure
HFrEF HF with reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF HF with preserved ejection fraction
QoL Quality of life
RAAS Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
RCT Randomized controlled trials
SDM Shared decision-making
SGLT2 Sodium glucose co-transporter 2
SNS Sympathetic nervous system