| ADH | Antidiuretic hormone |
| ADHF | Acute decompensated heart failure |
| ANP | Atrial natriuretic peptide |
| BNP | B-type natriuretic peptide |
| BP | Blood pressure |
| CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
| CO | Cardiac output |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| EF | Ejection fraction |
| ESC | European Society of Cardiology |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| NYHA | New York Heart Association |
| HF | Heart failure |
| HFrEF | HF with reduced ejection fraction |
| HFpEF | HF with preserved ejection fraction |
| QoL | Quality of life |
| RAAS | Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trials |
| SDM | Shared decision-making |
| SGLT2 | Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 |
| SNS | Sympathetic nervous system |