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. 2025 Nov 7;14(22):7906. doi: 10.3390/jcm14227906
ADP Adenosine Diphosphate
AEs Adverse Events
AKT Protein Kinase B
ALL Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
AR Androgen Receptor
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
A-RAF A-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase
B-RAF B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase
BCR-ABL Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson Fusion Gene
BRAF v-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B1
C-RAF C-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase
CAR-T Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell
CCND1 Cyclin D1
CDK4/6 Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4 and 6
CML Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte–Associated Protein 4
DFSP Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
ECG Electrocardiogram
ERK Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase
FISH Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
GAP GTPase-Activating Protein
GDP Guanosine Diphosphate
GEF Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
GIST Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
GM-CSF Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
GTP Guanosine Triphosphate
HCQ Hydroxychloroquine
HES Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
HLA Human Leukocyte Antigen
HSV-1 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
ICI Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor
IFN-γ Interferon Gamma
ILD Interstitial lung disease
JAK Janus Kinase
JAK/STAT Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
KIT Stem Cell Factor Receptor/Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
LAG-3 Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3
LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase
MAP2K1/2 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1 and 2
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
MEK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase
MHC Major Histocompatibility Complex
mTOR Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin
NGS Next-Generation Sequencing
NK cell Natural Killer Cell
NRAS Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog
ORR Objective response rate
OS Overall survival
P Phosphate
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
PD-1 Programmed Cell Death Protein 1
PDGF Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
PDGFRA Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha
PDGFR Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor
PD-L1 Programmed Death-Ligand 1
PFS Progression-free survival
Ph+ Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
QT QT Interval
RAF Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma
RAS Rat Sarcoma Virus Oncogene
RT Radiotherapy
RTK Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
SCC Squamous cell carcinoma.
SCF Stem Cell Factor
SLNB Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
STAT Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
TERT Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase
TIL Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte
TKI Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
TMB Tumor Mutational Burden
Treg Regulatory T Cell
TYP1 Tyrosinase-Related Protein 1
V600E/K Valine to Glutamic Acid/Lysine Substitution at Position 600
WT Wild Type