IVM	Ivermectin
COVID-19	Coronavirus disease of 2019
FDA	United States Food and Drug Administration
WHO	World Health Organization
NIH	National Institutes of Health
GIT	Gastrointestinal tract
SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ACE2	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
TMPRSS2	Transmembrane protease, serine 2
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
3CLpro	3-Chymotrypsin-like Protease
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
Vero/hSLAM cells	Vero cells strongly expressing human signaling lymphocyte activation molecules
HDA	Host-directed agent
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
IMP	Importin
HIV-1	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1
HAdV	Human adenovirus
BoAHV-1	Varicellovirus bovinealpha 1
MDBK	Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney
BT	Bovine turbinate
STD	Sexually transmitted disease
MIC	Minimum inhibitory concentration
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
M. ulcerans	Mycobacterium ulcerans
S. aureus	Staphylococcus aureus
MRSA	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MSSA	Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
CSCs	Cancer stem-like cells
WNT	Wingless signaling
TCF	T-cell factor
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
PAK1	p21-activated kinase 1
SID	Surface-induced dissociation
MDR	Multi-drug resistance
Bax	Bcl-2 associated X protein
HIF	Hypoxia-inducible factor
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
ERK 1/2	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2
NO	Nitric oxide
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
NOS	Nitric oxide synthase
COX2	Cyclooxygenase-2
TGF-β1	Transforming growth factor-beta 1
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
FXR	Farnesoid X receptor
LD50	Lethal dose 50%
w/w	Weight per weight
ABCB1	ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1
P-gp	P-glycoprotein
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
CNS	Central nervous system
ADME	Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
SLNs	Solid lipid nanoparticles
Hb	Hemoglobin
TLC	Total leucocyte count
DLC	Differential leucocyte count
BUN	Blood urea nitrogen
ALT	Alanine transaminase
AST	Aspartate transferase
Cmax	Peak plasma concentration
t½	Elimination half-life
IV	Intravenous
Tmax	Duration/time to reach Cmax
SAHPRA	South African Health Product Regulatory Authority
HPLC	High-performance liquid chromatography
AUC	Analytical peak area
ODT(s)	Oral disintegrating tablet(s)
EC50	Half maximal effective concentration
ED	Epidermis-dermis
SCE	Stratum corneum-epidermis
CYP	Cytochrome P
PNPs	Polymeric nanoparticles
NLCs	Nanostructured lipid carriers
SNEDDS	Self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems
PLGA	Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
GMP	Good Manufacturing Practice
MSNs	Mesoporous silica nanoparticles
IVM-MCM	Ivermectin mesoporous silica particles
IVM-NC	Ivermectin poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules
PEDV	Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
C6	Coumarin 6
SEDDS	Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems