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. 2025 Nov 9;15(22):1696. doi: 10.3390/nano15221696
Symbol Unit Physical Meaning
μ Pa·s Dynamic viscosity of air
Ls nm Slip length
σv — Momentum accommodation coefficient
Kn — Knudsen number
λ nm Gas mean free path
df nm fiber diameter
Δp Pa Pressure drop across the sample
u m/s periodic velocity
h m Sample thickness
σ Ns/m4 Flow resistivity; resistance to airflow through porous media
α∞ — Tortuosity; ratio of effective to straight acoustic path length
ϕ — Porosity; fraction of void volume in the total volume
Λ μm Viscous characteristic length; controls viscous dissipation scale
Λ′ μm Thermal characteristic length; controls heat exchange scale
Vp M3 Pore volume
Sp M2 Effective surface area of pores
ρf kg/m3 Air density
c0 m/s Speed of sound in air
Zc Pa·s/m Characteristic acoustic impedance
k m−1 Complex wave number
ρ(ω) kg/m3 Effective density
K(ω) Pa Effective bulk modulus
γ — Ratio of specific heats of air
pA Pa Standard atmospheric pressure
ω rad/s Angular frequency
f Hz Acoustic frequency
Pr — Prandtl number
ρ kg/m3 Bulk density of the material
Pin Pa Inlet pressures of the nanofiber
Pout Pa Outlet pressures of the nanofiber
c Pa Constant pressure drop
ϕm — Measured porosity
ρfiber kg/m3 Intrinsic density of the nanofiber
Vt m3 Total volume of the domain