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. 2025 Nov 12;25(22):6907. doi: 10.3390/s25226907
SWC Soil Water Content
VWC Volumetric Water Content
SMS Soil Moisture Sensor(s)
LCSMS Low-Cost Soil Moisture Sensor (DFRobot SEN0193)
STS Soil Temperature Sensor (DS18B20)
TDR Time Domain Reflectometry
TLO Transmission Line Oscillator
FDR Frequency Domain Reflectometry
NC-NR Non-Conducting and Non-Relaxing
RSV Raw Sensor Value
VLT Voltage (Sensor Output)
NSV Normalised Sensor Value
TMP Temperature
ϵs Bulk Relative Static Dielectric Permittivity
ϵr Reference Permittivity
ϵp Predicted Permittivity
SID Sensor ID
AE Absolute Error
MAE Mean Absolute Error
Pico Raspberry Pi Pico
GPIO General-Purpose Input/Output
ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter
I2C Inter-Integrated Circuit
SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver–Transmitter
MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
IoT Internet of Things
PCB Printed Circuit Board
SKU Stock Keeping Unit
IC Integrated Circuit
RTC Real-Time Clock
JST Japan Solderless Terminal (Connectors)
LiPo Lithium Polymer (Battery)
LoRa Long Range
LoRaWAN Long-Range Wide-Area Network
MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
R-C Resistor–Capacitor (Circuit)
RGB Red–Green–Blue (LED)
PETG Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
HDPE High-Density Polyethylene
CSV Comma-Separated Values