4-1BB	CD137 co-stimulatory receptor
AI	Artificial intelligence
APC	Antigen-presenting cell
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BCR	B-cell receptor
CAR-T	Chimeric antigen receptor T cells
cDC1	Conventional type 1 dendritic cell
CEA	Carcinoembryonic antigen
CEUS	Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
CD4+	Cluster of Differentiation 4–positive T cell (helper T cell)
CD8+	Cluster of Differentiation 8–positive T cell (cytotoxic T cell)
cGAMP	Cyclic GMP–AMP
cGAS	Cyclic GMP–AMP synthase
CODEX	CO-Detection by indEXing (multiplex imaging platform)
CosMx	Spatial molecular imaging platform (NanoString)
CRC	Colorectal cancer
ctDNA	Circulating tumor DNA
CTCs	Circulating tumor cells
CT	Computed tomography
CTLA-4	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4
CXCL10	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10
DAMP(s)	Damage-associated molecular pattern(s)
DC	Dendritic cell
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
GM-CSF	Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor
HEV(s)	High endothelial venule(s)
HGF	Hepatocyte growth factor
HIFU	High-intensity focused ultrasound
HMGB1	High-mobility group box 1
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
ICI(s)	Immune checkpoint inhibitor(s)
ICD	Immunogenic cell death
IFI44	Interferon-induced protein 44
IFIT1	Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1
IFN-I	Type I interferon
IFN-γ	Interferon gamma
IHC	Immunohistochemistry
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-10	Interleukin-10
IMbrave050	Phase III trial of adjuvant atezolizumab plus bevacizumab after resection or ablation in HCC
IRE	Irreversible electroporation
irRECIST	Immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
ISG15	Interferon-stimulated gene 15
LAG-3	Lymphocyte-activation gene 3
MAM	Minimal ablative margin
MR	Magnetic resonance (imaging)
MX1	Myxovirus resistance protein 1
MDSC(s)	Myeloid-derived suppressor cell(s)
MUC1	Mucin 1
MWA	Microwave ablation
NR	Not reported
NSCLC	Non-small-cell lung cancer
NY-ESO-1	New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 antigen
OX40	TNFRSF4 co-stimulatory receptor
PAMP(s)	Pathogen-associated molecular pattern(s)
PBMC(s)	Peripheral blood mononuclear cell(s)
PD-1	Programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PET	Positron emission tomography
P2RX7	Purinergic receptor P2X7
P2Y2	Purinergic receptor P2Y2
PRR(s)	Pattern-recognition receptor(s)
RFA	Radiofrequency ablation
RFS	Recurrence-free survival
RCC	Renal cell carcinoma
RECQL4	RecQ like helicase 4
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SII	Systemic immune-inflammation index
Slide-TCR-seq	Spatial T-cell receptor sequencing on tissue slides
STING	Stimulator of interferon genes
TAA(s)	Tumor-associated antigen(s)
TCR	T-cell receptor
TCR-seq	T-cell receptor sequencing
TDLN(s)	Tumor-draining lymph node(s)
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TIGIT	T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains
TIM-3	T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3
TLS	Tertiary lymphoid structure(s)
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TLR3	Toll-like receptor 3
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TLR9	Toll-like receptor 9
TMB	Tumor mutational burden
TME	Tumor microenvironment
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TRIM6	Tripartite motif-containing protein 6
Treg(s)	Regulatory T cell(s)
US	Ultrasound
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor