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. 2025 Nov 20;12(11):1106. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12111106
AAFCO Association of American Feed Control Officials
ACEI Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
ACS Subclinical cardiac alterations
cTnI Cardiac troponin I
CHF Congestive heart failure
CI Confidence interval
DCM Dilated cardiomyopathy
EF Ejection fraction
EPSS E-point to septal separation
ESVI End-systolic volume index
FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FDA-PLP Diets containing FDA-listed ingredients of concern (peas, lentils, or potatoes) among the top 10 listed ingredient
FEDIAF European Pet Food Industry Federation (from French Fédération Européenne de l’Industrie des aliments pour Animaux Familiers)
FS Fractional shortening
GF Grain-free diets
GI Grain-inclusive diets
Hs-cTnI High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I
IHMWDF Insoluble high-molecular-weight dietary fiber
IQR Interquartile range
LA/Ao Left atrium-to-aorta ratio
LVIDd Left ventricular internal diameter in diastole
LVIDdN Left ventricular internal diameter in diastole normalized to bodyweight
LVIDs Left ventricular internal diameter in systole
LVIDsN Left ventricular internal diameter in systole normalized to bodyweight
NoFDA-PLP Diets without FDA-listed ingredients of concern (peas, lentils, or potatoes) among the top 10 listed ingredients
NTD Non-traditional diets
NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
SI Sphericity index
TD Traditional diets
PVCs Premature ventricular contractions
3P/FDA Diets containing ≥ three legumes, potatoes, or sweet potatoes as main ingredients, within the 16 major dog food brands most frequently associated with reported cases of canine DCM to the FDA