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. 2025 Nov 26;15:42220. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-26368-4

Table 5.

The contribution of major LC types to the growth of urban lands from 1990 to 2020.

1990–2020
LC class name Townland Rural settlements Construction land Total (km2) Proportion (%)
Cultivated land 7746 12,762 5491 25,999 74.45
Forest land 1153 1645 3631 6429 18.41
Grassland 160 251 550 961 2.75
Waterbodies 577 513 368 1458 4.18
Total (km2) 9636 15,171 10,040 34,847 99.79