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. 2025 Nov 27;15:42523. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-26537-5

Table 2.

The thermal parameters of the subgrade33.

Type Thickness/m Thermal parameter -20℃ -10℃ -5℃ -2℃ -1℃ -0.5℃ 0℃ 20℃
Clay 1.3 Density/(kg/m3) 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870 1870
Thermal conductivity/(J/(m·h·℃)) 8640 8640 8640 8640 8640 8640 5544 5544
Heat capacity/(J/(kg·℃)) 835 840 850 860 870 900 1070 1070
Silty clay 2 Density/(kg/m3) 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950
Thermal conductivity/(J/(m·h·℃)) 6500 6500 6500 6500 6500 6500 5400 5400
Heat capacity/(J/(kg·℃)) 970 1050 1090 1115 1140 1210 1285 1285
Strongly weathered rock 18 Density/(kg/m3) 2150 2150 2150 2150 2150 2150 2150 2150
Thermal conductivity/(J/(m·h·℃)) 9000 9000 9000 9000 9000 9000 7250 7250
Heat capacity/(J/(kg·℃)) 950 1060 1110 1140 1190 1250 1350 1350