Fig. 1.

Reduced hepatic PDI expression is associated with increased DNA methylation in MASLD subjects with T2DM. (A) The methylation levels of the cg09221994 site at the PDI gene in MASLD patients with (n = 18) or without (n = 30) T2DM. (B) Hepatic mRNA expression of PDI in patients with MASLD and T2DM (n = 28) or age- and BMI-matched nondiabetic patients (n = 38). (C) Spearman correlation analysis between the mRNA level of PDI with the methylation levels of the cg09221994 site. (D) Immunostaining for hepatic PDI in diabetic patients (n = 8) and age- and BMI-matched nondiabetic patients (n = 9). Top panel: immunohistochemical analysis. Bottom panel: immunofluorescence analysis. Scale bar = 100 μm. (E) Hepatic protein expression of PDI in diabetic patients (n = 3) and nondiabetic patients (n = 3). Statistical analyses were based on a t test. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean