Abstract
The Restorative Masculine Integration Theory (RMIT) introduces a strengths-based, systems-oriented framework for promoting healthy masculinity through healing, leadership, and relational engagement. Developed in response to the adverse effects of masculine suppression, such as emotional disengagement, burnout, and polarity collapse, RMIT outlines a five-phase Cycle of Masculine Restoration: reclaimed masculinity, emotional safety and trust, grounded leadership, rebalanced gender polarity, and healing with cultural renewal. These stages are underpinned by core concepts including psychological safety, peer mentorship, emotional literacy, and authentic masculinity. Drawing from interdisciplinary foundations in gender studies, emotional intelligence, trauma-informed practice, polarity theory, and servant leadership, RMIT offers an adaptable framework for use across clinical, educational, organizational, and policy settings. Its alignment with the MANifest Health Theory further strengthens its applicability in men’s health promotion. This manuscript elaborates the theory’s conceptual development, visual model, and practical implications, while identifying future directions for empirical validation and inclusive application. RMIT advances a timely and restorative model for transforming masculine identity into a source of individual and collective resilience
Keywords: masculinity, theory development, psychological safety, men’s health, emotional literacy, peer mentorship, polarity, trauma-informed care
Introduction
The past several decades has witnessed a profound transformation in the understanding of gender roles, particularly as they pertain to men’s identities, health behaviors, and emotional lives. In contemporary society, men navigate a complex landscape where traditional scripts of masculinity, rooted in stoicism, self-reliance, dominance, and emotional restraint, are increasingly challenged by shifting social norms that call for greater emotional openness, relational engagement, and egalitarian partnership (Barrantes Montiel et al., 2022; Connor et al., 2021; Di Bianca & Mahalik, 2022; Oliffe et al., 2023). While these cultural shifts have brought new opportunities for men to access emotional support and expand their relational repertoire, they have also generated widespread confusion, internal conflict, and resistance. Many men, particularly those in care-based, relational, or non-traditional professions, find themselves caught between contradictory expectations: to embody strength and decisiveness while simultaneously demonstrating vulnerability, empathy, and nurturance (O’Neil, 1981; Simpson, 2009). As a result, psychological distress, identity diffusion, and relational strain have become increasingly salient features of men’s lived experience.
Research on men’s mental and physical health outcomes consistently reveals elevated rates of depression, anxiety, substance use, suicide, and underutilization of health care services among men relative to women (Mahalik et al., 2003). These disparities are often attributed to persistent gender norms that pathologize emotional expression, discourage help-seeking, and equate vulnerability with weakness (Addis & Mahalik, 2003; Goleman, 2005; Sá, 2025; Pejičić, 2024). Such pressures are amplified in environments where men constitute a numerical minority or where organizational cultures valorize “soft skills” or emotional labor, such as nursing, teaching, social work, and primary care. In these settings, men may feel forced to suppress core elements of their identity, resulting in role conflict, diminished self-efficacy, and a pervasive sense of not belonging (Kupers, 2005; O’Neil, 1981; Simpson, 2009). The consequences can extend beyond the individual, contributing to higher levels of occupational burnout, increased turnover, impaired teamwork, and diminished organizational morale.
Foundational theories such as Gender Role Conflict Theory (O’Neil, 1981) and frameworks addressing the phenomenon of “toxic masculinity” have been instrumental in illuminating the negative consequences of rigid or unyielding gender norms. These theories provide valuable critique, emphasizing the psychological costs of emotional suppression and the societal harms associated with dominance-oriented masculine ideals. However, many of these approaches fall short of offering concrete strategies for the positive integration and restoration and integration of masculinity as a source of resilience and relational health (Levant, 1996; Levant & Pollack, 2003). As a result, a significant gap remains between the identification of problems associated with masculine role socialization and the provision of effective, culturally responsive interventions.
The Restorative Masculine Integration Theory (RMIT) responds to this gap with a mid-range, strengths-based framework that shifts from problem-focused critique to a regenerative cycle of growth. As depicted in Figure 1, the Cycle of Masculine Restoration proceeds, in this order, through five interlinked stages: (1) Reclaimed Masculinity, (2) Emotional Safety & Trust, (3) Grounded Leadership, (4) Rebalanced Gender Polarity, and (5) Healing, Resilience, & Cultural Renewal. The cycle is iterative (non-linear) and regenerative, meaning men may revisit earlier stages as development deepens.
Figure 1.

Restorative Masculine Integration Theory
RMIT emerges in response to these challenges and gaps. Conceived as a mid-range theory, RMIT is designed to move beyond problem-focused critique toward an affirmative, prescriptive framework for restoring and integrating masculine identity. Drawing upon interdisciplinary insights from gender studies (Gilligan, 1982), emotional intelligence research (Goleman, 2005), trauma-informed care (SAMHSA, 2014), polarity theory (Deida, 2004), and servant leadership (Greenleaf, 1970), RMIT asserts that the suppression of authentic masculine energy, when rooted in integrity, service, and emotional congruence, contributes to cycles of dysfunction, disengagement, and psychological imbalance at both individual and systemic levels. The theory contends that the conscious restoration and integration of positive masculine traits, supported by emotionally literate communities and psychologically safe environments, can serve as a transformative force in men’s health, relational functioning, and organizational culture.
Furthermore, RMIT seeks to address the “missing middle” in masculinity research and intervention, occupying the space between broad social critique and narrowly defined clinical practice. The theory’s pragmatic focus is intended to guide the design of interventions, leadership development, curriculum, and policy, ensuring that restorative approaches to masculinity are accessible, scalable, and adaptable across diverse settings and populations. By providing a robust framework for understanding both the sources of masculine distress and the mechanisms of restoration, RMIT aims to empower men, practitioners, educators, and organizations to move beyond cycles of suppression and dysfunction toward cycles of resilience, integration, and thriving.
RMIT was first conceived in 2022 through the iterative integration of existing frameworks in men’s health, leadership, and psychology and has since been refined into a mid-range theory bridging conceptual insights with applied contexts.
Goal of Theory Development
The development of the RMIT was guided by several interrelated goals, each rooted in a desire to move the discourse on masculinity beyond critique and pathology toward practical, strengths-based solutions. One central goal is to provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation that can bridge the gap between macro-level cultural analysis and micro-level interventions. While many existing frameworks have effectively described the negative outcomes associated with restrictive masculine norms, including increased psychological distress, resistance to help-seeking, and social isolation, there has been a clear lack of theory that articulates how men can consciously restore and integrate healthy forms of masculinity into their lives and communities (Levant & Pollack, 2003; Mahalik et al., 2003). RMIT was developed to fill this gap by offering a roadmap that not only explains the origins of masculine distress but also prescribes actionable strategies for restoration, resilience, and positive identity development.
Another key goal was to ensure that the theory could inform the design and implementation of interventions across multiple ecological levels; however, RMIT’s primary level of application is clinical and educational practice, with secondary implications for organizations and policy. Accordingly, the model is used first to orient work with individuals and peer groups in counseling, coaching, skills training, and curricular design, while also offering principles that can inform leadership development and culture change in workplaces and community systems. In this way, RMIT remains conceptually robust yet sufficiently flexible to guide men’s groups, leadership development efforts, organizational policy reforms, and trauma-informed practices, supporting both prevention and restoration and promoting flourishing, well-being, and leadership among men.
In addition, RMIT aims to foster a paradigm shift away from models that either demonize or sentimentalize masculinity. Instead, the theory aspires to honor the complexity and diversity of masculine identity, acknowledging that healthy masculinity can be a force for service, emotional congruence, and relational healing when supported by culturally competent environments and emotionally literate communities. The theory’s emphasis on psychological safety, polarity balance, and mentorship underscores its commitment to fostering both individual and systemic transformation.
Finally, RMIT was conceived as a tool for advancing research and scholarship on men’s health and development. By providing clear core concepts, mechanisms, and pathways for change, the theory sets the stage for empirical testing, program evaluation, and iterative refinement. This includes exploring the impacts of RMIT-informed interventions on outcomes such as emotional well-being, team cohesion, leadership effectiveness, and organizational climate across diverse cultural and demographic groups. Ultimately, the overarching goal of RMIT’s development is to offer a comprehensive, accessible, and evidence-informed approach to supporting men in their journeys toward integrated, resilient, and authentic masculinity, thus contributing to the health and flourishing of individuals, families, and communities.
Reasons for the Theory
RMIT was developed in response to robust evidence demonstrating men’s elevated risk for suicide, substance abuse, disengagement from health services, and relational breakdown (Addis & Mahalik, 2003; Mahalik et al., 2003). Men in gender-atypical, care-based, or emotionally demanding professions face heightened risk, with organizational norms and gendered expectations often stigmatizing emotional skill and vulnerability. Literature identifies a masculinity paradox: although men often hold leadership roles, they may lack psychological safety or relational skills necessary to maximize their influence (Clark, 2020; Greenleaf, 1970). This paradox underscores the importance of addressing men’s mental health needs in leadership and organizational contexts, as traditional masculine ideals can hinder effective emotional engagement and support (Agochukwu & Wittmann, 2019; Chatterjee, 2024). Addressing these issues through targeted interventions, such as those proposed by Check-Mate, can help bridge the gap between traditional masculinity and emotional well-being in men (Struik et al., 2019). By fostering environments that encourage emotional expression and vulnerability, organizations can mitigate the adverse effects of traditional masculinity on men’s mental health and relational dynamics in the workplace.
Socialization toward stoicism and independence discourages help-seeking and emotional disclosure, resulting in higher levels of untreated psychological distress. Most existing frameworks either pathologize masculinity or focus only on external behaviors, with insufficient attention to internal healing or identity integration. RMIT seeks to fill this gap by providing a non-pathologizing model that frames masculinity as a potential source of healing and strength, contingent on emotional authenticity and healthy relational dynamics. This approach aligns with the notion that programs should help men develop emotional expressiveness and self-esteem, ultimately fostering positive coping mechanisms and reducing stigma associated with mental health help-seeking (Robertson et al., 2015). By integrating these principles, RMIT aims to create a supportive framework that empowers men to embrace their emotional experiences and seek help without the stigma often associated with traditional masculinity. This framework encourages men to challenge rigid masculine norms and promotes healthier attitudes toward vulnerability and seeking help, ultimately leading to improved mental health outcomes.
Core Concepts and the Cycle of Masculine Restoration
The RMIT is rooted in five core concepts: authentic masculinity, emotional literacy and mastery, gender polarity, psychological safety, and peer community/mentorship.
Authentic Masculinity
In the contemporary literature, several frameworks have emerged to move beyond deficit-based models of masculinity. Positive masculinity (Kiselica, Englar-Carlson, 2010) highlights the adaptive traits historically associated with masculinity such as courage, responsibility, and protectiveness and reframes them as strengths when expressed in pro-social ways. Healthy masculinity (Casey, 2010; Men Can Stop Rape; Movember Foundation) emphasizes community values of respect, empathy, non-violence, and equity, often serving as a foundation for prevention and public health initiatives. Inclusive masculinity (Anderson, 2010) focuses on sociocultural conditions that reduce the policing of gender roles, allowing multiple forms of masculinity to coexist without hierarchy and opening space for emotional expression.
By contrast, authentic masculinity advances a more inwardly focused and integrative framework. It is defined as a state in which men move beyond suppression and fragmentation into wholeness, embodying strength while also cultivating emotional maturity, relational connection, and purpose. Rather than selectively reframing traits (as in positive masculinity), setting community norms (as in healthy masculinity), or relying on sociocultural shifts (as in inclusive masculinity), authentic masculinity emphasizes personal restoration and integration. It calls men to reclaim a grounded presence, leading from clarity and integrity, regulating emotions without denying vulnerability, and engaging relationships in balance and respect. In this way, authentic masculinity situates itself as both complementary to and distinct from other approaches, prioritizing inner transformation as the foundation for external impact.
Polarity
Polarity refers to the natural tension or magnetism that exists between two complementary forces, often represented in human dynamics as the masculine and feminine energies. In leadership, relationships, and team dynamics, polarity fuels connection, creative tension, and directionality. As Jung (1979) emphasized, psychological growth occurs through the “tension of opposites,” and when polarity is intact, it provides energy for movement, balance, and integration. When polarity collapses, however, the creative tension between masculine and feminine dissolves. This collapse manifests as a loss of clarity, stagnation in purpose, and confusion in identity or relational roles.
Within the framework of RMIT, polarity is not about rigid gender roles but about energetic balance. Healthy polarity allows men to embody strength while also integrating emotional depth and relational connection. When polarity collapses, through trauma, cultural conditioning, or professional pressures (especially in caregiving or relationally intensive professions), men may disown or suppress their masculine essence. The result is emotional confusion, resentment, passivity, or, conversely, overcompensation through hyper-masculine posturing.
When polarity collapses, men often experience a range of disruptive symptoms that undermine their ability to lead, connect, and live with purpose. They may struggle with a loss of clarity or direction, leaving them uncertain about their role or path forward. Communication often becomes passive-aggressive, reflecting frustration that is indirectly expressed rather than openly resolved. In relationships, this frequently surfaces as resentment, where suppressed emotions erode trust and intimacy. Leadership, too, becomes disembodied, driven by intellect or external expectations but lacking heart, authenticity, and deeper purpose. Finally, collapsed polarity can manifest as an over-identification with extremes, where men either adopt hyper-masculine postures of dominance and control or retreat into hypo-masculine patterns of passivity and disengagement.
Grounded Leadership
Grounded leadership is leadership that emerges from inner alignment, emotional regulation, embodied presence, and a deep connection to both purpose and people. Unlike performance-based posturing, which depends on titles, appearances, or control, grounded leadership radiates authentic strength by leading from the inside out. A grounded leader is not reactive but responsive; they move with intention rather than impulse. They do not seek approval or external validation, because their authority rests in integrity the congruence of thoughts, words, and actions. In this sense, grounded leadership is less about managing others and more about cultivating presence that naturally inspires trust and influence.
In RMIT terms, grounded leadership is supported by several key pillars: inner anchoring, the ability to remain centered and self-led even amid chaos; emotional mastery, the capacity to feel deeply without losing direction; integrity, the alignment of values and behavior; sacred listening, prioritizing understanding before action; and responsible authority, exercising power without domination but without abdication. These qualities allow grounded leaders to create environments of safety, clarity, and empowerment.
Grounded leadership differs from relational leadership, which primarily emphasizes interpersonal processes and collaboration, and from servant leadership, which prioritizes serving the needs of others before one’s own (Cunliffe& Eriksen, 2011; Eva et al., 2019; Greenleaf, 1977/2002; Spears, 1995; Uhl-Bien, 2006; Uhl-Bien & Ospina, 2012). While both models highlight valuable dimensions of connection and humility, grounded leadership is distinct in that it begins with inner integration. It is not only about how leaders serve or relate to others, but about how they embody authenticity within themselves, ensuring that service and relationship are expressions of alignment rather than self-sacrifice or performance.
Grounded leadership also stands in sharp contrast to disembodied leadership, where leaders operate from ego, fear, or compensation. Disembodied leaders may appear strong externally but are disconnected internally, often relying on control, image, or external validation to maintain authority (Westover, 2024). By contrast, grounded leaders lead from integration; they embody clarity and purpose that do not require outside approval. Their power is not derived from pressure but from presence (Waite et al., 2014).
Translating the Cycle into Practice
The Cycle of Masculine Restoration, illustrated in Figure 1, can be understood as a regenerative and iterative process through which men move from suppression toward psychological integration, relational depth, and leadership rooted in service. Each stage of the cycle reflects not only a developmental milestone but also a conceptual lens for examining how masculine identity may be restored and sustained. Rather than prescribing interventions, the following descriptions illustrate the underlying dynamics and interconnections that define the cycle.
Reclaimed Masculinity → Clarifying Identity and Purpose
The entry point into the cycle emphasizes the reclamation of an authentic sense of self. This process involves disentangling masculinity from rigid or harmful norms and reconnecting with values, purpose, and integrity. At this stage, the theory highlights the symbolic importance of identity clarification as a means of countering confusion, shame, and compensatory behaviors often associated with suppressed masculinity.
Emotional Safety and Trust → Creating a Healing Container
The second stage illustrates the relational context necessary for transformation. Emotional safety is conceptualized as the enabling condition for vulnerability, openness, and genuine self-expression. Theoretically, this stage underscores how environments characterized by trust and respect make possible the congruence needed for emotional development. Emotional safety is positioned here not as an endpoint but as the relational ground from which deeper leadership capacities can emerge.
Grounded Leadership → Acting with Integrity and Alignment
Once emotional safety has been established, the cycle depicts the emergence of leadership grounded in alignment between values and actions. Leadership in this context is understood less as authority and more as congruence, relational responsibility, and the ability to influence through integrity. This stage highlights the theoretical bridge between self-awareness and the capacity to shape collective environments, linking personal authenticity to systemic influence.
Rebalanced Gender Polarity → Restoring Relational Synergy
The fourth stage engages with polarity theory as a conceptual framework for understanding the interplay of masculine and feminine energies. Rather than reinforcing binaries, the theory frames polarity as a symbolic and dynamic tension that, when balanced, creates synergy across relationships and systems. Rebalancing polarity is presented as essential for relational health, where complementarity replaces competition and mutual respect becomes the foundation of collaboration.
Healing, Resilience, and Cultural Renewal → Sustaining Change Systemically
The culmination of the cycle illustrates how restored masculinity extends beyond individual transformation to influence cultural and systemic renewal. Men who embody authenticity, balance, and relational integrity become catalysts for resilience in families, communities, and organizations. In this sense, renewal is framed not as a final destination but as an ongoing, generative process where individual growth reinforces collective flourishing.
Integrated and Adaptive Application
The RMIT Cycle of Masculine Restoration is inherently recursive. Growth is rarely linear and often involves revisiting earlier stages as new challenges or deeper layers of identity surface. The cycle’s strength lies in its adaptability: the same conceptual dynamics can be observed across therapeutic, educational, organizational, or community contexts. By emphasizing feedback loops where clarity of identity fosters trust, trust enables leadership, leadership supports relational balance, and renewal reinforces identity the model illustrates how masculinity can be understood as both an individual process and a cultural phenomenon.
Discussion of the Theory
The RMIT offers a paradigm shift in how masculinity is approached not as pathology but as a developmental process that emphasizes restoration, integration, and relational depth.
Comparative Positioning of RMIT
To clarify its unique contributions, it is important to situate RMIT in relation to several existing frameworks. MANifest Health Theory (Gallegos, 2024) frames men’s health behaviors, emphasizing pragmatic strategies for navigating risk, resilience, and help-seeking. While MANifest is behaviorally oriented and identity-driven, RMIT extends this by addressing the underlying psychological and relational dynamics that influence whether health behaviors can be sustained. Together, MANifest provides the “what” and “how” of engagement, whereas RMIT illuminates the “why” and “who” of masculine integration.
Models such as the Positive Psychology/Positive Masculinity approach (Kiselica & Englar-Carlson, 2010) emphasize affirming male strengths, including courage, generativity, and capacity for care. RMIT aligns with this strengths-based orientation but advances it by embedding positive traits within a cyclical process of restoration. Rather than simply affirming male assets, RMIT theorizes how suppressed or distorted masculinity can be re-integrated into healthier forms that benefit both individuals and systems.
RMIT also shares common ground with trauma-informed approaches that highlight safety, trustworthiness, and empowerment (SAMHSA, 2014). However, whereas trauma-informed care often centers on mitigating harm, RMIT explicitly links healing to the reclamation of masculine identity and the rebalancing of gender polarity. This positions RMIT as a bridge between clinical frameworks and identity development, extending trauma-informed principles into gender-specific contexts.
Furthermore, leadership models rooted in relationship and integrity (e.g., servant leadership, relational leadership) underscore the value of trust, empathy, and accountability. RMIT resonates with these approaches but differs by explicitly framing leadership as an emergent stage of masculine restoration. Grounded leadership in the RMIT cycle is theorized not merely as an organizational skill but as an outcome of restored congruence between emotional literacy, identity clarity, and relational responsibility.
Unique Contribution
Collectively, these comparisons underscore RMIT’s distinctive contribution as a mid-range theory that integrates identity development, emotional literacy, polarity balance, and systemic renewal. Unlike frameworks that focus primarily on critique, behavior, or relational practice alone, RMIT weaves these strands into a cyclical model of restoration that is both conceptually robust and practically adaptable. Its unique value lies in bridging the psychological, relational, and systemic dimensions of masculinity, offering a coherent pathway for individual healing and cultural transformation shaped by relational and systemic contexts. The Cycle of Masculine Restoration illustrates this shift by presenting masculinity as iterative, regenerative, and capable of fostering resilience when expressed through authenticity, emotional congruence, and relational accountability.
Central to this framework is the recognition that masculine suppression, manifested through emotional restriction, polarity collapse, or identity confusion, leads to predictable outcomes such as anxiety, role strain, and disconnection. In contrast, the restorative cycle demonstrates how re-engagement with purpose, trust, and relational synergy catalyzes healthier forms of leadership and cultural renewal. These stages should not be understood as prescriptive steps, but as conceptual markers that illuminate the mechanisms through which men navigate identity integration and systemic transformation.
By situating RMIT within broader theoretical traditions, the model distinguishes itself from prior frameworks that either critique restrictive norms (e.g., Gender Role Conflict Theory) or offer behaviorally focused strategies (e.g., MANifest Health Theory). Where these frameworks highlight the costs of suppression or promote pragmatic health behaviors, RMIT contributes an integrative structure that explains why suppression occurs, how restoration unfolds, and what systemic conditions sustain transformation. This positioning highlights the unique value of RMIT as both a mid-range theory and a conceptual bridge across disciplines.
The model’s systemic orientation further differentiates it from theories of positive masculinity, relational leadership, or trauma-informed care, even as it draws upon them. RMIT emphasizes that masculine renewal requires relational and cultural scaffolding, psychological safety, peer mentorship, and inclusive environments, that validate men’s growth and vulnerability. In doing so, it underscores the interdependence of individual development and cultural change, moving beyond deficit-focused narratives toward strengths-based frameworks of collective flourishing.
Finally, the cyclical design of RMIT underscores its adaptive potential across varied settings. The recursive nature of the cycle acknowledges that men may re-encounter earlier phases as new challenges arise, emphasizing that growth is not linear but emergent. This adaptability makes the theory relevant to clinical practice, educational initiatives, organizational leadership, and community-based interventions, while maintaining its grounding in core principles of authenticity, emotional literacy, polarity balance, and systemic renewal.
Strengths and Limitations
The RMIT demonstrates several notable strengths. One of its primary advantages is its non-pathologizing approach: it frames masculinity not as a deficit to be corrected but as a developmental process that can foster resilience, purpose, and relational depth. This orientation makes the theory broadly accessible and reduces resistance from men who might otherwise be skeptical of gender-based models. A second strength is the integrative nature of the framework. By drawing from psychology, leadership studies, education, and health sciences, RMIT provides a multidisciplinary lens that is conceptually robust. Its cyclical structure adds further value by emphasizing that growth is iterative and self-reinforcing rather than linear, which reflects the complexities of identity development. In addition, the adaptability of the model allows it to be applied across diverse contexts, including clinical practice, educational settings, organizational leadership, and community initiatives. This flexibility positions RMIT as a versatile tool for advancing both scholarship and practice.
Despite these strengths, the theory also has limitations that warrant attention. Because it is still a relatively new conceptual framework, RMIT requires empirical validation to establish its effectiveness and practical impact. Research is needed to examine how its components translate into measurable outcomes such as improved well-being, enhanced leadership capacity, and healthier relational dynamics. Another limitation is the scope of its application: while the theory aspires to be broadly adaptable, further study is required to ensure it is relevant across a wide variety of populations and settings. Finally, like many mid-range theories, RMIT is still evolving, and refinements will be necessary as scholars and practitioners test and apply it in real-world contexts. Recognizing these limitations is important for guiding future research and ensuring that the model continues to develop in a rigorous and inclusive manner.
Conclusion
The RMIT provides a comprehensive and adaptable framework for understanding and supporting men’s development in contemporary contexts. By presenting the Cycle of Masculine Restoration, beginning with reclaimed identity and extending through emotional trust, grounded leadership, balanced relational dynamics, and cultural renewal, the model offers a clear structure for examining how growth and resilience can unfold over time. This cyclical design underscores that transformation is not linear but recursive, highlighting the importance of sustained engagement across personal, relational, and organizational domains.
The theory’s core concepts, authentic masculinity, emotional literacy, psychological safety, polarity balance, and peer mentorship, collectively address gaps in existing models of men’s health and leadership. In doing so, RMIT contributes both a conceptual lens and a guiding framework that can inform practice in clinical, educational, community, and organizational settings. Its alignment with related frameworks, such as the MANifest Health Theory, further enhances its utility by linking identity development with pragmatic strategies for engagement and well-being.
Looking ahead, the value of RMIT will depend on continued empirical validation and refinement. Research that explores its application across diverse populations and contexts will help establish its relevance and strengthen its impact. As such work progresses, RMIT has the potential to shape interventions, leadership development initiatives, and policy strategies that move beyond cycles of disconnection toward cycles of restoration, resilience, and cultural renewal. Ultimately, the theory represents both an evolution in the study of masculinity and a practical roadmap for fostering integrity, relational depth, and sustainable transformation.
Footnotes
ORCID iDs: Todd Angelucci
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7942-7160
Julian L. Gallegos
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9222-3927
Funding: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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