Fig. 4.

Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects in the inflammation phase. (A) Schematic illustration of HP-MTi scavenging ROS to reduce macrophages polarization to pro-remodeling phenotype. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of intracellular ROS of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 after treatment of MTi, P-MTi, and HP-MTi. (C)Representative laser confocal microscopy images of intracellular ROS and JC-1 of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 after different treatment. Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantitative analysis of (D) DCFH and (E) JC-1. (F) Representative laser confocal microscopy images and 3D surface plot of iNOS and Arg-1 labled LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 after different treatment. Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity of iNOS (G) and Arg-1 (H) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 after different treatment. (I) Levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 after different treatment. (J) Relative mRNA level of IL-6, TNF-α, CD 86, iNOS and TGF-β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 after different treatment. The value is expressed as the means ± SD, with a minimum sample size of 3. (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001.)