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. 2025 Sep 10;5(6):599–608. doi: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.5c00049

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Singlet creation in a four-step process for E triplet < E LUMO < V bias < E singlet. Figures a-c show the creation of a triplet due to the transfer of a tip electron to the LUMO and a HOMO electron to the substrate and d-e show how the triplet is converted into a singlet by the transfer of a second electron via the LUMO.