Table 1. Clinical, demographic and laboratory characteristics according to fracture status.
| Patients with fractures during follow-up n = 5 (9.3%) |
Patients without fractures during follow-up n = 49 (90.7%) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) at the time of bone biopsy, mean (SD) | 71.8 (4.4) | 64.7 (10) | 0.126 |
| Age (years) at the end of follow-up, mean (SD) | 79 (5.4) | 71.5 (10.4) | 0.117 |
| CKD stage, n (%) | 0.358 | ||
| Stage 3 | 1 (20) | 24 (49) | |
| Stage 4 | 4 (80) | 25 (51) | |
| Gender | 0.266 | ||
| Female, n (%) | 2 (40) | 9 (18.4) | |
| Male, n (%) | 3 (60) | 40 (81.6) | |
| Chronic kidney disease etiology, n (%) | 0.732 | ||
| Hypertension | 3 (60) | 13 (26.5) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (40) | 13 (26.5) | |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 0 | 6 (12.2) | |
| Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis | 0 | 8 (16.3) | |
| Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease | 0 | 2 (4.1) | |
| Ischemic | 0 | 1 (2) | |
| Indeterminate | 0 | 6 (12.2) | |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 0.747 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0 | 4 (8.2) | 0.670 |
| Weight, median (IQR) | 79 (16) | 76 (16.5) | 0.900 |
| Height, mean (SD) | 158.4 (6.7) | 163 (7.9) | 0.215 |
| Body mass index, median (IQR) | 32.8 (8.4) | 28.1 (5.4) | 0.366 |
| Biochemistry, median (IQR) | |||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 2.2 (1.1) | 2.2 (0.5) | 0.415 |
| GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 26.5 (15) | 30.5 (12) | 0.157 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.5 (0.5)* | 13.3 (1.9)* | 0.008 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.08 (0.14) | 4.2 (0.4) | 0.848 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 4.7 (0) | 4.8 (0.4) | 0.685 |
| Phosphorus, mg/dL | 4.1 (0.8)* | 3.5 (0.9)* | 0.047 |
| 25(OH) Vitamin D, ng/mL | 12.5 (4.8) | 16 (12.3) | 0.221 |
| Magnesium, mEq/L | 1.8 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 0.957 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 3.9 (4.4) | 1.5 (3.5) | 0.662 |
| 25(OH)D, ng/mL | 13.5 (3) | 16 (9.8) | 0.221 |
| ALP, U/L | 75.5 (19) | 71 (43) | 0.815 |
| iPTH, pg/mL | 105.7 (40.6) | 79.9 (93.7) | 0.728 |
| FGF-23, pg/mL | 30.9 (10.8) | 22.1 (21.1) | 0.874 |
| Sclerostin, pmol/L | 83.9 (105) | 58.4 (44.7) | 0.986 |
| DKK1, pg/mL | 1004.5 (283.9) | 738 (498.9) | 0.366 |
| sRANKL, pg/mL | 2.7 (0.3) | 2.5 (1.4) | 0.231 |
| Osteoprotegerin, pg/mL | 1554.4 (408.3) | 1404.1 (545.3) | 0.385 |
| Osteoporosis according to DXA, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (9.3) | 0.665 |
| Progression to kidney replacement therapy during follow-up, n (%) | 1.000 | ||
| Hemodialysis | 2 (40) | 18 (36.7) | |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 0 | 2 (4) | |
| Death during follow-up, n (%) | 1 (20) | 4 (8.2) | 0.397 |
Abbreviations – SD: standard deviation; CKD: chronic kidney disease; IQR: interquartile range; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone; FGF-23: fibroblast growth factor 23; DKK1: dickkopf-related protein 1; RANKL: soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor kB ligand.