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. 2025 Nov 19;13:1676656. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676656

Table 2.

Results of SEM testing (N = 5,432).

b β S. E. C. R. p
Measurement model
Poor mental health days←Wellbeing 1.0 0.732
Life Satisfaction←Wellbeing 0.048 0.517 0.002 31.30 ***
Depression←Wellbeing 0.036 0.559 0.001 33.44 ***
Dementia←Care Demands 1.0 0.155 ***
Functional Disability←Care Demands 8.73 0.701 1.20 7.29 ***
Hours per Week←Care Demands 145.63 0.571 17.71 8.23 ***
Structural model
Wellbeing←Stress 3.566 0.629 0.089 40.03 ***
Stress←Care Demands 2.622 0.125 0.453 5.79 ***
Wellbeing←Care Demands 3.608 0.030 2.098 1.72 0.085
Stress←eSDOH 0.410 0.340 0.015 26.81 ***
Wellbeing←eSDOH 1.591 0.233 0.098 16.28 ***

X2 (DF = 17; N = 5,432) = 168.09, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.977; TLI = 0.961; RMSEA = 0.040.

R2 Stress = 0.131; R2 Wellbeing = 0.556.

***p < 0.001.