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. 2025 Dec 3;15:43077. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27058-x

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — A model representing the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of growth and dormancy in kiwifruit. Epigenetic reprogramming, including a decrease in genome-wide CHH methylation, controls the progression from deep dormancy (endodormacy) to the state when buds regain the ability to grow (ecodormancy) and initiate reproduction. This is followed by transcription factor-mediated activation and repression of genes required for growth and flowering, while differential methylation at specific CG and CHG sites in promoter regions may contribute to differential expression of specific genes. Methylated cytosine residues are presented as red (CHH) or grey (CG, CHG) dots and white dots indicate demethylation. Up- and down-regulation of gene expression is indicated with yellow arrows.