2. Comparative Analysis of Polymers/Composites or Materials for Dissolving MNs Used in the Treatment of Oral Ulcers .

polymer/composites and materials	origin	mechanical strength	biodegradable	mucoadhesive	advantages	refs
PVA	synthetic	depends on the degree of saponification	yes	no	water-soluble, excellent, biocompatible, and nontoxic	–
PVP	synthetic	high and provides structural integrity	no	no	water-soluble with good film-forming properties
PLGA	synthetic	mechanically strong	yes	yes	biocompatible, safely degrades (depending upon the MW and degree of crystallinity) and eventually disappears, and is cost-effective	–
HA	natural	moderate; suitable for oral mucosal penetration	yes	yes	biocompatible, hydrophilic, and promotes tissue hydration	–, and
chitosan	natural	adequate mechanical strength in combination with other polymeric composites	yes	yes	biocompatible, hemostatic, antimicrobial, antifungal, enhanced cell proliferation and vascular regeneration, efficient drug delivery, and enhanced drug application	, and –
HA and PVP	natural/synthetic	improved; PVP enhances structural integrity	HA: yes; PVP: no	yes	compatibility with hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, antimicrobial, and efficient drug delivery	and
HA and GelMA	semisynthetic	enhanced; tunable via cross-linking	yes	yes	biocompatible, wound healing, and dual-phase drug release	and
HA, PVP, and hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan	natural/synthetic	enhanced; the combination improves mechanical properties	partially	yes	biocompatible, and mucoadhesiveness
sodium hyaluronic acid and BSP	natural	moderate	yes	yes	biocompatible, promotes wound healing, and mucoadhesive
CMCS-MA	semisynthetic	sufficient	yes	yes	biocompatible, mucoadhesive, and antibacterial properties
BSAMA and GelMA	semisynthetic	high and suitable for structural applications	yes	yes	biocompatible, tunable mechanical properties, and supports cell adhesion
ZIF-8	synthetic	good mechanical strength and puncture performance	partially	no	high drug loading capacity, and pH-responsive release
Mg-MOF	synthetic	high and suitable for structural applications	partially	no	biocompatible, pH-responsive drug release, andpromotes tissue regeneration

^aPVApoly­(vinyl) alcohol; PVPpolyvinylpyrrolidone; PLGApoly­(lactic-co-glycolic acid); HAhyaluronic acid; GelMAgelatin methacryloyl; BSPBletilla striata polysaccharide; CMCS-MAmethacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan; BSAMAbovine serum albumin methacryloyl; ZIF-8zeolitic imidazolate framework-8; Mg-MOFmagnesium metal–organic framework.