Table 3.

Secondary outcomes: time to mobilization; need of analgesic rescue dose; postoperative adverse events, numeric rate scale (NRS) and pain assessment in advanced dementia (PANAID) scores; length of stay

	Group SSA (N = 30)	Group PNBs (N = 30)	N = 60
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	p-value*
Time to mobilization (hours)	5.57 (1.06)	8.2 (0.71)	< 0.001
	N (%)	N (%)	p-value*
Need of analgesic rescue dose	2 (6.67%)	3 (1%)	°
Postoperative adverse events
Rate of nausea/vomiting	8 (26.67%)	3 (10%)	0.095
Postoperative delirium	13 (43.33%)	4 (13.33%)	0.021
DVT	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	°
MI	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	°
Neurological lesion	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	°
	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)	p-value*
NRS (points)
At the end of the surgery	1 (1–1)¥	1 (1–1) ¥	°
At 6 h after surgery	2 (2–3)	1.5 (1–3)	0.076
At 12 h after surgery	3 (2–3.75)	3 (2–3)θ	0.454
At 24 h after surgery	2 (2–3)	2 (2–3)	0.023
p-value	< 0.001	< 0.001
PAINAD (points)
At the end of the surgery	1 (1–1) ¥	1 (1–1) ¥	1
At 6 h after surgery	3 (2–5) £	2 (2–2)$	< 0.001
At 12 h after surgery	3 (2–5)	2 (2–3)	0.177
At 24 h after surgery	3 (2–3.75)	2 (2–3)	0.848
p-value	< 0.001	< 0.001
Lenght of stay (days)	2.25 (2–2.75)	2 (1.81–2.5)	0.045

SSA (selective spinal anesthesia), PNBs (peripheral nerve blocks), DVT (deep vein thrombosis), MI (myocardial infraction), IQR (interquartile range), SD (standard deviations)

^*Continuous non-parametric data were compared with Mann–Whitney test, dichotomous data were compared with χ2test

°The data were practically constant

¥p < 0.05 compared to subsequent controls

Θp < 0.05 compared to 6 and 24 h after surgery

£p < 0.05 compared to 24 h after surgery

^$ p < 0.05 compared to subsequent controls