Table 1.
Roles of different types antibodies secreted by plasma cells in different diseases.
| Disease type | Antibody type | Specimen type | Species origin | Effect (P/I) | Introduction to the mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circulatory system | ||||||
| Burkitt lymphoma | IgD | Cell line | Human | Promote | IgD activates IgDR to initiate the tyrosine phosphorylation signaling cascade to induce the expression of cyclin D3, CDK6, c-myc and inhibit P16INK4a, thereby accelerating the G1/S transition and promoting Daudi cell cycle progression. | (47) |
| Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | IgM | Serum | Mouse | Promote | sIgM promotes tumor progression by inducing the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. | (48) |
| IgD multiple myeloma | IgD | Bone marrow, blood | Human | Promote | (49) | |
| T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) | IgD | Plasma, cell line | Human, mouse | Promote | IgD interacts with T cells through its Fc receptor, induces excessive proliferation of T-ALL cells and inhibits their apoptosis | (50) |
| IgD | Cell line | Human | Inhibit | IgD interacts with T cells through Fc receptor, inducing excessive proliferation of T-ALL cells and inhibiting their apoptosis. | (50) | |
| Digestive system | ||||||
| Colon cancer | IgG4 | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | Induce tolerogenic M2-like macrophages via FcγRI and PI3K/AKT/STAT3 signaling, leading to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment | (51) |
| IgM | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | Innate immune surveillance; activates complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); enhances innate immune response | (52) | |
| IgM | Tumor tissue | Mouse | Inhibit | Polyreactive IgM derived from L2pB1 cells is a key factor in cancer cell recognition, tumor growth inhibition, cancer cell death induction and clearance | (53) | |
| Colorectal cancer with liver metastases | IgA | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | (54) | |
| Colorectal cancer | IgG | Cell line | Mouse | Promote | Promote tumor cell proliferation; reduce cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting apoptosis-related pathways; enhance invasion and metastasis capabilities by promoting extracellular matrix degradation and cell migration | (55) |
| IgG | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | With a novel sialylated modification in Asn162 of CH1, was widely expressed in cancer stem cells of epithelial cancers, and promoted tumor progression via activating integrin-FAK signaling. | (56) | |
| IgG4 | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | Inhibits effector cell activity; competitively inhibits the anti-tumor effects of other IgGs; regulates the immunosuppressive microenvironment | (57) | |
| IgG | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | (55) | ||
| IgA | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | |||
| IgA | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | (58) | ||
| IgA | Intratumoral immune cells | Human, Mouse | Inhibit | FMD abolished the inhibitory effect on CD8+ T cells by reducing the class-switch recombination of B cells to IgA, as FMD drove fatty acid oxidation metabolism in B cells. | (59) | |
| IgA | Serum | Human | Promote | It seems justified to conclude that elevation of circulating SIgA and SIgM in colorectal cancer patients strongly suggests liver metastasis. | (53) | |
| IgM | Promote | |||||
| IgA | Serum | Human, Mouse | Inhibit | Targeting Erbin greatly suppressed lung metastasis of CRC by inhibiting PD1 expression of IgA+ B cells, promoting aggregation of IgA+ B cells, and increasing the killing effects of CD8+ T cells on tumor cells. | (60) | |
| Esophageal cancer | IgG4 | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | Inhibits effector cell activity; competitively inhibits the anti-tumor effects of other IgGs; regulates the immunosuppressive microenvironment | (61) |
| Gastric cancer | IgA | Cell line | Mouse | Promote | IgA PCs were mainly involved in the regulation of phagocytic pathways, such as phagocytosis, and engulfment | (62) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | IgM | Serum, tumor tissue | Mouse | Promote | IgM promotes tumor metastasis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor | (63) |
| IgM | Serum, tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | (64) | ||
| IgA | Blood, tumor tissue | Human, mouse | Promote | IgA+ cells induced by inflammation inhibit the activity of T cells by secreting specific immune regulatory factors, thereby weakening the body’s immune surveillance of liver cancer cells. | (65) | |
| Pancreatic cancer | IgM | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | Innate immune surveillance; activates complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); enhances innate immune response | (52) |
| Gynecological and breast cancer | ||||||
| Breast cancer | IgG | Serum | Mouse | Promote | Pathogenic IgG targeting glycosylated membrane HSPA4 selectively promotes lymph node metastasis and activates the downstream Src/NF-κB in ITGB5 and tumor cells for CXCR4/SDF1α axis-mediated metastasis. | (66) |
| IgM | Serum | Human | Inhibit | Destroy circulating or seeded isolated disseminated tumor cells (micrometastases) that eventually could lead to metastatic disease and death. | (67). | |
| IgM | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | As Breg cells prevent CSR by inhibiting the Tfh/IL21 axis, long-lived plasma cell generation is halted, resulting in lower IgG and a higher fraction of B cells unable to undergo CSR events, resulting in higher IgM. | (68) | |
| Medullary ductal breast cancer | IgG | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | (69) | |
| Triple negative breast cancer | IgG | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | Through ADCC and CDC, it also reduces tumor proliferation and metastasis potential by inhibiting tumor-promoting cytokines and signaling pathways. | (70) |
| IgG4 | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | Immunosuppressive effects to promote tumor immune escape; inhibit the activation of cytotoxic T cells. | (71) | |
| Endometrial cancer | IgA | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | IgA activates inflammatory pathways within tumor cells by binding to polymeric immunoglobulin receptors (pIgR) on tumor cells. | (72) |
| Ovarian cancer | IgG4 | Tumor tissue, cell line | Human, Mouse | Inhibit | (71) | |
| IgA | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | Transcytosis of IgA sensitize tumor cells to cytotoxic killing by T cells. | (73) | |
| IgA | Cell line | Mouse | Inhibit | IgA-coated bacteria, a character in OC, was necessary for B-cell activation and for delaying the progression of TRAF3KO tumors. | (73) | |
| IgE | Tumor tissue, blood and tumor specimens | Rat, human | Inhibit | IgE antibodies recruit macrophages through the TNFα/MCP-1 signaling pathway, enhance anti-tumor immune responses. | (74) | |
| Nervous system | ||||||
| Neuroblastoma | IgM | Peripheral blood | Human | Inhibit | Direct cytotoxicity; activate immune effector cells; enhance immune response | (75) |
| IgA | Cell line, tumor tissue | Human, mouse | Inhibit | IgA GD2 antibodies effectively kill tumor cells by activating neutrophil-mediated ADCC. | (76) | |
| Respiratory system | ||||||
| Lung cancer | IgG1 | tumor tissue, adjacent tumor sites, blood | Human | Inhibit | Mainly through ADCC and CDC | (77) |
| IgG3 | tumor tissue, adjacent tumor sites, blood | Human | Inhibit | Mainly through ADCC and CDC | (77) | |
| IgM | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | Innate immune surveillance; activates complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); enhances innate immune response | (52) | |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | IgG1 | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | Mainly through ADCC and CDC | (78) |
| IgG3 | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | Mainly through ADCC and CDC | (78) | |
| Urogenital system | ||||||
| Bladder cancer luminal papillary (LumP) subtype | IgA | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | Activate inflammatory response pathways and cytokine secretion. | (79) |
| IgG1 | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | Activate inflammatory response pathways and cytokine secretion. | (79) | |
| Bladder cancer luminal unstable (LumU) subtype | IgA | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | Activate inflammatory response pathways and cytokine secretion. | (79) |
| IgG1 | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | Enhance T-cell responses | (79) | |
| Bladder cancer basal/squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype | IgA | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | (79) | |
| IgG1 | Tumor tissue | Human | Inhibit | Enhance T-cell responses | (79) | |
| Bladder cancer | IgG1/IgA | Tumor tissue | Human | inhibit | A more prominent expression of costimulatory CD80, increased IL21-mediated signaling, checkpoint regulation, Fcg receptor signaling, and receptor-mediated phagocytosis and endocytosis. | (80) |
| Prostate cancer | IgG | Serum | Human | Promote | (81) | |
| Skin | ||||||
| Cutaneous tumors | IgE | Epithelial cells | Mouse | Promote | IgE/FcϵRI signaling promotes epithelial cell growth and differentiation in basophils, strongly driving tumor growth of epithelial cells carrying oncogenic mutations. | (74) |
| Melanoma | IgG | Serum | Human | Inhibit | (82) | |
| IgG4 | Serum | Human | Promote | Inhibit antibody effector function; hinder effective antibody function; promote the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment | (83) | |
| IgM | Cell line, serum | Human | Inhibit | Eliminate subclinical tumor deposits in patients either before or after surgery for stage II melanoma. | (84) | |
| IgM | Serum | Human | Inhibit | (85) | ||
| IgM | Myeloid cells | Mouse | Promote | Control BCR signaling, B2 cell development and function, and Th17 cell production of inflammatory cytokines. | (86) | |
| IgA1 | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | Propensity for CDRH3 in IgG1, IgG2 and IgA1 supports a highly active yet perturbed B cell compartment at the tumor site. | (87) | |
| IgG | Tumor tissue | Human | Promote | |||
| Head and neck | ||||||
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck | IgG | Serum | Human | Inhibit | (88) | |