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. 2025 Nov 20;16:1665867. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1665867

Table 1.

Socio-demographic characteristics of samples in Studies 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Socio-demographic characteristics Study 1 (n = 520) Study 2 (n = 242) Study 3 (n = 1,021) Study 4 (n = 1,064)
% Women 52. 1 66.7 51.5 52.3
Mean age (SD) 41.44 (15.492) 36.76 (17.812) 47.51 (15.03) 47.88 (15.016)
Education Level
% Primary education 2.4 0.8 7.6 7.4
% Secondary education or vocational training 21 27.2 45.9 46.2
% University/College degree and higher 76.6 72 46.5 46.4
Political orientation
% Left 25.6 24.3 34.8 36.1
% Center Left 26.9 31.7 15.2 14.8
% Center 16.5 27.6 30.3 30.2
% Center Right 9.8 11.5 8.9 8.8
% Right 4 4.9 9.9 9.5
Not answering 17.1 0.9 0.7