Table 2.

Operational definitions for coding coping mechanisms for climate emotions.

Coping mechanisms	Definition
a. Individual-functional coping	Individual coping mechanisms that benefit the environment and the individual by providing a sense of contributing to the fight against climate change.
a.1. Individual action	Individual actions. i.e., recycling, buying organic or local products, etc.
a.2. Inhibition	Avoid consumption. e.g., reusing, exchanging, or repairing instead of purchasing, eluding private transport, avoiding eating meat. or reducing air conditioning/heating usage.
a.3. Seek for knowledge	Searching for knowledge to lead a more sustainable life. e.g., reading articles or taking courses on sustainable living.
a.4. Connectivity with nature	Seeking contact with nature through hiking, working in a garden, etc., to alleviate the feeling of the climate crisis.
a.5. Acceptance	Cognitive process of recognizing the reality of climate change and taking action to mitigate its effects (instead of resigning).
b. Social-functional coping	Social coping mechanisms that are beneficial to the environment and the individual.
b.1. Collective action	Undertaking collective, community, or social actions like demonstrating or participating in environmental associations.
b.2. Rising awareness	Raising awareness of the climate crisis in others’ contexts, including family, work, or friends.
b.3. Emotional expression	Venting climate emotions with others (crying. shouting).
b.4. Seek for emotional support	Seeking connection with others who share similar concerns about climate change.
c. Dysfunctional coping	Coping mechanisms that are not beneficial to the environment or the individual.
c.1. Avoidance	Avoid thinking about the climate crisis by eluding conversations, news. etc.
c.2. Pleasure	Choosing not to make significant changes in personal comfort levels due to the perception that individual actions will not have a considerable impact.
c.3. Resignation	Sense of hopelessness that significant adverse impacts of climate change are inevitable and that little can be done to prevent them.