. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Dec 11.

Published in final edited form as: JAMA Oncol. 2026 Feb 1;12(2):149–158. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.5144

Table 2.

Survival Outcomes Based on Use of Celecoxib vs. Placebo and Postoperative ctDNA Status.

	Events / At Risk	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a	Adjusted P-value^a	P_interaction^a
Disease-Free Survival
ctDNA Negative				0.413
Placebo	72 / 387	Ref
Celecoxib	58 / 371	0.76 (0.53, 1.09)	0.131
ctDNA Positive
Placebo	57 / 74	Ref
Celecoxib	60 / 98	0.61 (0.42, 0.89)	0.011
Overall Survival
ctDNA Negative				0.330
Placebo	40 / 387	Ref
Celecoxib	36 / 371	0.85 (0.54, 1.36)	0.499
ctDNA Positive
Placebo	44 / 74	Ref
Celecoxib	40 / 98	0.62 (0.40, 0.96)	0.034

Adjusting for age, sex, aspirin usage, T stage, N stage, ECOG Performance Status, tumor location, BRAF status, KRAS status, MSI status, and days from surgery to ctDNA blood draw.

HR, 95% CI, and P-value were calculated from multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for the covariates above. P value for interaction between ctDNA status and oral agent (celecoxib vs. placebo) was derived using the likelihood ratio test.

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA.