TABLE 4.
Early (POD 90) postoperative and functional outcomes after robotic-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) versus open kidney transplantation (OKT).
| Early post operative outcomes (POD 90) | Overall population n = 400 | RAKT n = 200 | OKT n = 200 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall length of hospitalization (days) (median, IQR, Range) | 8.0 (7.0–11.0) (2.0–46.0) | 7.0 (7.0–10.0) (2.0–29.0) | 9.0 (7.0–13.0) (4.0–46.0) | <0.0001 | |
| Highest grade postoperative surgical complications (according to clavien-dindo classification) (n, %) | Grade 2 -Bleeding requiring transfusion -Hematuria without endoscopic surgical revision -Wound infection -Ileus |
102 (25.5%) 43 (10.8%) 25 (6.3%) 4 (1.0%) |
36 (18.0%) 2 (1.0%) 2 (1.0%) 4 (2.0%) |
66 (33.0%) 41 (20.5%) 23 (11.5%) 0 (0%) |
<0.0001 |
| Grade 3a -Bleeding requiring radiological embolization |
1 (0.3%) |
1 (0.5%) |
0 (0%) |
||
| Grade 3b -Graft nephrectomy due to: a) Venous thrombosis b) Arterial thrombosis c) Acute rejection -Hematuria with endoscopic surgical revision -Reintervention due to urinary leakage -Reintervention due to paravesical bleeding/hematoma -Laparoscopic marsupialization -Abdominal evisceration |
1 (0.3%) 3 (0.8%) 3 (0.8%) 7 (1.8%) 25 (6.3%) 5 (1.3%) 7 (1.8%) 3 (0.8%) |
1 (0.5%) 3 (1.5%) 3 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 4 (2.0%) 2 (1.0%) 2 (1.0%) 0 (0%) |
0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 7 (3.5%) 21 (10.5%) 3 (1.5%) 5 (2.5%) 3 (1.5%) |
||
| Grade 4a | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Grade 4b | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Grade 5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Major postoperative surgical complication (clavien-dindo grade ≥3) (n, %) | 55 (13.8%) | 16 (8.0%) | 39 (19.5%) | 0.001 | |
| Early functional outcomes (POD 90) | |||||
| Delayed graft function (n, %) | 3 (0.8%) | 3 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.2 | |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) (median, IQR, Range) | POD 7 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) (0.3–8.6) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) (0.5–8.6) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) (0.3–8.1) | 0.5 |
| POD 30 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) (0.4–5.9) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) (0.7–4.0) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) (0.4–5.9) | 0.1 | |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) (median, IQR, Range) | POD 7 | 60.0 (45.4–73.1) (6.2–95.0) | 60.0 (45.5–71.0) (8.0–95.0) | 60.0 (45.4–73.9) (6.2–92.0) | 0.9 |
| POD 30 | 56.0 (45.0–70.0) (9.0–97.0) | 56.0 (45.0–69.5) (15.0–90.0) | 56.0 (45.0–73.8) (9.0–97.0) | 0.3 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) (median, IQR, Range) | POD 7 | 98.0 (90.0–109.0) (66.0–159.0) | 100.0 (90.0–111.0 (70.0–159.0) | 97.0 (89.0–107.5) (66.0–149.0) | 0.2 |
RAKT, Robotic-assisted kidney transplantation; OKT, Open kidney transplantation; POD, Post-operative day; eGFR, estimated Glomerular filtration rate. Bold values indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05).