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. 2025 Nov 21;38:14953. doi: 10.3389/ti.2025.14953

TABLE 5.

Follow-up outcomes after robotic-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) versus open kidney transplantation (OKT).

Follow-up outcomes Overall population n = 400 RAKT n = 200 OKT n = 200 p
Follow-up (months) (median, IQR, Range) 37.9 (14.3–83.8) (0.3–144.2) 21.5 (11.4–46.3) (0.3–86.4) 79.7 (24.0–116.2) (0.5–144.2) <0.0001
KT-related surgical reinterventions after POD 90 (n, %)
 -Abdominal eventration requiring surgical treatment
  a) Peri-umbilical
  b) Pfannenstiel
  c) Gibson
 -Lymphocele marsupialization
 -Ureteral reimplantation after marsupialization
 -Ureteral stenosis
 -TRAS requiring stenting

4 (1.0%)
0 (0%)
3 (0.8%)
5 (1.3%)
1 (0.3%)
3 (0.8%)
1 (0.3%)

4 (2.0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
2 (1.0%)
1 (0.5%)
1 (0.5%)
1 (0.5%)

0 (0%)
0 (0%)
3 (1.5%)
3 (1.5%)
0 (0%)
2 (1.0%)
0 (0%)
0.9
Serum creatinine at last follow-up (mg/dL) (median, IQR, Range) 1.4 (1.2–1.8) (0.4–17.6) 1.4 (1.2–1.7) (0.7–17.6) 1.4 (1.2–1.9) (0.4–6.1) 0.5
eGFR at last follow-up (ml/min/1.73m2) (median, IQR, Range) 51.0 (41.0–64.5) (1.4–95.0) 52.5 (42.0–65.3) (1.4–95.0) 50.0 (36.5–63.0) (5.0–90.0 0.1
Graft survival
 1-year
 3-year
 5-year
97.7%
95.6%
94.5%
95.8%
95.1%
95.1%
99.5%
96.0%
93.8%
0.4
Patient survival
 1-year
 3-year
 5-year
99.2%
98.4%
98.0%
100.0%
98.9%
98.9%
98.4%
97.8%
97.1%
0.2

RAKT, Robotic-assisted kidney transplantation; OKT, Open kidney transplantation; POD, Post-operative day; KT, Kidney transplantation; TRAS, Transplant renal artery stenting; eGFR, estimated Glomerular filtration rate. Bold values indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05).