TABLE 2.
Taxonomic classification and characterization of bacterial isolates with antagonistic properties belonging to Enterobacteriaceae
| Genotype groupa | Strain | FAME analysis
|
16S rDNA sequencing
|
Activity againstb:
|
Lytic enzyme productionc
|
AHL production
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identification | ID | Identification | % Similarity (strain) | V. dahliae | R. solani | S. sclerotiorum | P. cactorum | Glucanase | Chitinase | chiA product | Protease | MT 102d | FI17e | ||
| G1 | 4Rx13 | Serratia odorifera | 0.735 | Pantoea agglomerans | 99 (100-860) | +++ | ++ | +++ | − | − | − | − | + | + | − |
| Pantoea agglomerans | 0.701 | ||||||||||||||
| 3Rp5 | Xenorhabdus luminescens | 0.014 | S. proteamaculans | 99 (DSM4543) | +++ | + | ++++ | + | − | + | + | + | − | − | |
| 3Rr8 | Serratia plymuthica | 0.890 | ++ | +++ | + | + | − | + | + | + | − | − | |||
| 3Rc15 | Serratia proteamaculans | 0.839 | S. proteamaculans | 99 (DSM4543) | +++ | ++ | ++++ | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | |
| 3Rc3 | Serratia fonticola | 0.640 | S. plymuthica | 99 (DSM4540) | +++ | ++ | ++++ | + | − | + | + | + | − | − | |
| 4Rx5 | Serratia plymuthica | 0.715 | S. proteamaculans | 99 (DSM4543) | +++ | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | |
| 4Rx10 | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium | 0.405 | S. proteamaculans | 99 (DSM4543) | ++ | +++ | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | ||
| 4Rz11 | Pantoea agglomerans | 0.723 | S. proteamaculans | 99 (DSM4543) | ++ | +++ | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | |
| 4Rx4 | Xenorhabdus nematophilia | 0.146 | S. plymuthica | 99 (DSM4540) | +++ | + | + | + | − | + | − | + | + | − | |
| 10Ep11 | Proteus vulgaris | 0.834 | S. plymuthica | 98 (124-822) | ++ | +++ | ++ | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | |
| 3Rc14 | Pantoea agglomerans | 0.871 | |||||||||||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0.829 | +++ | ++ | ++++ | − | + | + | + | − | − | − | ||||
| 3Rr9 | Serratia proteamaculans | 0.793 | S. proteamaculans | 99 (DSM4543) | ++ | ++ | ++++ | + | − | + | + | + | − | − | |
| 4Rr2 | Proteus vulgaris | 0.758 | + | +++ | ++++ | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | |||
| Serratia grimesii | 0.706 | ||||||||||||||
| 4Rz1 | Enterobacter intermedius | 0.591 | ++ | +++ | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | ||||
| 2Kr27 | Kluyvera cryorescens | 0.383 | S. proteamaculans | 99 (DSM4543) | + | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | |
| G2 | 4Rz6 | Serratia grimesii | 0.718 | ++ | +++ | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | ||
| Pantoea agglomerans | 0.714 | ||||||||||||||
| 3Rp8 | Serratia grimesii | 0.614 | +++ | +++ | ++++ | − | − | + | − | + | + | − | |||
| Pantoea agglomerans | 0.589 | ||||||||||||||
| 9Ez29 | Serratia grimesii | 0.768 | ++ | ++++ | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | |||
| Pantoea agglomerans | 0.765 | ||||||||||||||
| 4Rr6 | Proteus vulgaris | 0.721 | ++ | +++ | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | |||
| Pantoea agglomerans | 0.677 | ||||||||||||||
| 4Rc14 | Enterobacter intermedius | 0.736 | |||||||||||||
| 0.675 | + | +++ | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | |||||
| Serratia grimesii | |||||||||||||||
| 9Ez25 | Serratia grimesii | 0.777 | ++ | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | |||
| G3 | 9Ep9 | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium | 0.496 | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | ||
| 9Rz10 | Serratia grimesii | 0.928 | ++++ | ++++ | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |||
| 5Rr4 | Weeksella zoohelcum | 0.560 | ++ | +++ | +++ | − | + | − | − | − | − | ||||
| 10Bp14 | Pantoea agglomerans | 0.884 | S. plymuthica | 99 (DSM4540) | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | |
| 8Rx9 | Weeksella zoohelcum | 0.478 | +++ | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | − | − | |||
| 4Rc6 | Serratia plymuthica | 0.790 | ++ | ++ | ++++ | − | + | + | + | + | − | − | |||
| 9Bp4 | Serratia proteamaculans | 0.740 | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | |||
| 3Bz10 | Serratia grimesii | 0.928 | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | |||
| 9Ec15 | Xenorhabdus nematophilia | 0.096 | ++ | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | |||
| 9Ez3 | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium | 0.398 | ++ | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | |||
| 9Rz4 | Pantoea agglomerans | 0.89 | ++++ | +++ | ++++ | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | |||
| Serratia grimesii | 0.872 | ++++ | +++ | ++++ | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | ||||
a
Grouping at 89% similarity.
b
Antagonism toward these four species was determined by dual-culture assay. Results indicate the width of the zone of inhibition as follows: +, 0 to 5 mm; ++, 5 to 10 mm; +++, 10 to 15 mm; ++++, >15 mm.
c
β-1,3-Glucanase, protease, and chitinase activities were demonstrated by plate assay (+, hydrolysis; −, no hydrolysis). The chiA gene was detected by a PCR approach.
d
E. coli MT 102(pSB403) for detection of short-chain AHLs.
e
P. putida F117(pKR-C12) for detection of long chain AHLs.