TABLE 3.
Phenotypic characterization of P. putida A isolates belonging to the genotypic clusters defined in Fig. 2
| Genotype groupa | Strain | Origin | Activity againstb:
|
Lytic enzyme productionc
|
Secondary metabolite production
|
AHL production
|
Phenotype group | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V. dahliae | R. solani | S. sclerotiorum | P. cactorum | Glucanase | Chitinase | Protease | King Bd | DAPGe | HCNf | IAAg | MT 102h | F117i | |||||
| G1 | 8Kz4 | Potato | Cellulose | ++ | ++ | ++ | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 2 |
| 8Kz8 | Potato | Cellulose | ++ | ++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 2 | |
| 4Kc15 | Potato | Chitin | + | +++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 1 | |
| G2 | 9Rp10/2 | Rape | Casein | + | +++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | − | 5 |
| G3 | 2Rr14 | Rape | R2A | + | +++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | − | 5 |
| 8Rr24 | Rape | R2A | +++ | ++ | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | 3 | |
| G4 | 9Rz12/2 | Rape | Cellulose | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | 5 |
| 9Rz10/2 | Rape | Cellulose | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | 5 | |
| 9Rc9 | Rape | Chitin | + | +++ | +++ | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | 7 | |
| 9Rp2 | Rape | Casein | + | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | 7 | |
| 9Rp10 | Rape | Casein | + | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | − | 5 | |
| G5 | 8Kr32 | Potato | R2A | + | ++ | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | − | ND | 7 |
| G6 | 7Ec5 | Strawberry | Chitin | ++ | + | − | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | − | − | ND | 6 |
| G7 | 7Bp13/2 | Soil | Casein | ++ | + | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | 5 |
| G8 | 7Ez9/2 | Strawberry | Cellulose | ++ | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | ||||
| 10Er28 | Strawberry | R2A | ++ | ++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 1 | |
| G9 | 2Bx14 | Soil | Xylan | + | +++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 1 |
| 9Bc2 | Soil | Chitin | ++ | +++ | ++ | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | 3 | |
| G10 | 4Kc13 | Potato | Chitin | + | +++ | ++ | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 1 |
| 10Kx10/2 | Potato | Xylan | + | +++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 1 | |
| G11 | 9Bp8 | Soil | Casein | + | +++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 2 |
| 10Bp12 | Soil | Casein | ++ | +++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 1 | |
| G12 | 9Bc8 | Soil | Chitin | ++ | +++ | ++ | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | 1 |
| 9Bc10 | Soil | Chitin | + | ++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | 1 | |
| 9Bc3 | Soil | Chitin | ++ | +++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 1 | |
| G13 | 2Bx4 | Soil | Xylan | + | +++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | 1 |
| 2 Bx13 | Soil | Xylan | + | +++ | + | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | 1 | |
| G14 | 9Rx5 | Rape | Xylan | + | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | 5 |
| G15 | 9Rx7 | Rape | Xylan | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | 5 |
| G16 | 9Rx24 | Rape | Xylan | + | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | 5 |
| 9Rx29 | Rape | Xylan | ++ | − | +++ | + | − | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | 5 | |
| G17 | 9Rx11 | Rape | Xylan | ++ | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | 5 |
| G18 | 9Ex1/2 | Strawberry | Xylan | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | ND | 4 |
| 7Ez14/2 | Strawberry | Cellulose | +++ | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | − | − | − | 6 | |
| 7Ex1 | Strawberry | Xylan | +++ | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | − | − | ND | 6 | |
Grouping at 89% similarity
Antagonism toward these four species was determined by dual-culture assay. Results indicate the width of the zone of inhibition as follows: +, 0 to 5 mm; ++, 5 to 10 mm; +++, 10 to 15 mm; ++++, >15 mm.
β-1,3-Glucanase, protease, and chitinase activities were determined by plate assay (+, hydrolysis; −, no hydrolysis).
Fluorescence on King's B agar.
DAPG, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol; PCR approach.
Production of cyanide as shown by the Merck Schnelltest: (+, > 0.001 mg liter−1).
Microplate method of Sawar and Kremer (41) (+, > 0.1 μg ml−1).
E. coli MT 102(pSB403) for detection of short-chain AHLs.
P. putida F117(pKR-C12) for detection of long-chain AHLs.
Grouping at 75% similarity.