TABLE 1.
Influence of environment, climate, and weather on cholera and V. cholerae dynamics
| Factor | Climate and/or weather drivers | Influence(s) | Representative reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature | Seasons, interannual variability | Growth of V. cholerae, phytoplankton blooms, infection by temperate phages | 90; Lipp et al., Abstr. 101st Gen. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. |
| Salinity | Seasons, monsoons, ENSO, sea level rise | Growth of V. cholerae, seroconversion, expression of cholera toxin | 111, 148, 151 |
| Sunlight | Seasons, monsoons, interannual variability | Survival of V. cholerae, phytoplankton blooms, induction of CTXφ | 47, 109 |
| pH | Seasons, interannual variability (phytoplankton growth) | Growth of V. cholerae | 22 |
| Fe3+ | Precipitation (runoff), atmospheric deposition (NAO) | Growth of V. cholerae, expression of cholera toxin | 125, 126 |
| Exogenous products of algal growth | Seasons, monsoons, interannual variability in light, nutrients | Survival of V. cholerae | 80, 144 |
| Chitin | Seasons, monsoons, zooplankton blooms (following phytoplankton) | Growth of V. cholerae, attachment to exoskeletons | 71, 117 |