TABLE 5.

Fixed effects estimates from multilevel models predicting student emotions toward lab course^a

	β (SE)	P	95% CI
Activated pleasant emotions
Researcher observations of instructor humor	0.01 (0.05)	0.84	[–0.12, 0.10]
Student reports of instructor humor	0.31 (0.04)	0.001	[0.23, 0.39]
Deactivated pleasant emotions
Researcher observations of instructor humor	0.00 (0.04)	0.90	[–0.08, 0.10]
Student reports of instructor humor	0.29 (0.04)	<0.001	[0.23, 0.37]
Unpleasant emotions
Researcher observations of instructor humor	0.07 (0.07)	0.33	[–0.07, 0.20]
Student reports of instructor humor	–0.27 (0.03)	<0.001	[–0.34, –0.20]

^a Confidence intervals (CIs) for standardized betas are reported.