Table 1. Summary of patient characteristics.
| Variable | All | M/T ratio ≥1 | M/T ratio <1 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64 [56–70] | 62.8±11.3 | 63.0±9.29 | 0.96 |
| Sex | 0.20 | |||
| Male | 28 (45.9) | 25 (41.0) | 3 (4.9) | |
| Female | 33 (54.1) | 25 (41.0) | 8 (13.1) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.4 [20.7–25.7] | 22.5 [21.0–25.6] | 20.9 [20.0–25.5] | 0.45 |
| Brinkman index | 200 [0–690] | 210 [0–667.5] | 100 [50–630] | 0.90 |
| FEV1 (%) | 95.8 [83.8–104.1] | 95.0±13.6 | 95.2±20.8 | 0.96 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 77.5 [74.1–80.8] | 77.3±5.62 | 78.1±9.00 | 0.68 |
| DLCO (%) | 65.5 [57.5–76.5] | 68.6±13.3 | 63.6±20.8 | 0.32 |
| Tumor location | 0.19 | |||
| Upper/middle lobe | 24 (39.3)/5 (8.1) | 23 (37.7)/3 (4.9) | 1 (1.6)/2 (3.2) | |
| Lower lobe | 32 (52.5) | 24 (39.3) | 8 (13.1) | |
| Tumor diameter on CT (mm) | 6.2 [5.0–7.3] | 6.0 [4.8–7.3] | 7.6 [7.1–8.8] | 0.01 |
| Tumor depth (mm) | 21.1 [14.2–27.9] | 20.4±9.83 | 27.8±7.56 | 0.02 |
| Marking position | 0.10 | |||
| Prone | 32 (52.5) | 29 (47.5) | 3 (4.9) | |
| Supine | 29 (47.5) | 21 (34.4) | 8 (13.1) | |
| Lipiodol spot (mm) | 11.4 [10.3–12.7] | 11.42±2.04 | 11.81±1.53 | 0.56 |
| Lipiodol localization | 0.74 | |||
| Shallow | 24 (39.3) | 19 (31.1) | 5 (8.2) | |
| Deep | 37 (60.7) | 31 (50.8) | 6 (9.8) | |
| 3D-deviation† (mm) | 10.5 [7.4–14.0] | 10.25 [7.10–15.30] | 12.40 [9.25–13.15] | 0.57 |
| Surgical procedure | 0.66 | |||
| VATS | 55 (90.2) | 47 (77.0) | 8 (13.1) | |
| Open | 6 (9.8) | 3 (4.9) | 3 (4.9) | |
| Lipiodol marking-related complications | 11 (18.0) | 9 (14.7) | 2 (3.2) | >0.99 |
| Postoperative complications (C-D) | >0.99 | |||
| II–III | 5 (8.2) | 4 (6.5) | 1 (1.6) | |
| IV–V | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tumor diameter (mm) | 7 [5–8] | 6 [5–8] | 8 [7–9] | 0.046 |
| Surgical margin (mm) | 13 [8–16] | 15 [10–18] | 7 [5–7] | <0.01 |
Values are expressed as mean [range], mean ± SD, or n (%), as appropriate according to the distribution of data. †, 3D-deviation: distance between lipiodol spot and lesion. 3D, three-dimensional; BMI, body mass index; C-D, Clavien-Dindo classification; DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; M/T, margin-to-tumor; SD, standard deviation; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery.