Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients before and after propensity score matching
| Characteristic | Before matching | After matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RA + HCQ (N = 56 362) | RA + MTX (N = 56 362) | P-value | RA + HCQ (N = 56 362) | RA + MTX (N = 56 362) | P-value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age at index (years), mean ± SD | 51.8 ± 12.8 | 52.9 ± 12.6 | <0.001 | 52.3 ± 12.4 | 52.3 ± 12.7 | 0.740 |
| Female, n (%) | 50 723 (80.0%) | 49 965 (70.9%) | <0.001 | 44 243, 78.5% | 44 357, 78.7% | 0.408 |
| Male, n (%) | 10 517 (16.6%) | 18 283 (25.9%) | <0.001 | 10 213, (18.1%) | 10 115 (17.9%) | 0.448 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White, n (%) | 38 169 (60.2%) | 43 674 (62.0%) | <0.001 | 34 379 (61.0%) | 34 405 (61.0%) | 0.874 |
| Black or African American, n (%) | 9493 (15.0%) | 9272 (13.2%) | <0.001 | 7788 (13.8%) | 7852 (13.9%) | 0.581 |
| Hispanic or Latino, n (%) | 5113 (8.1%) | 6004 (8.5%) | 0.003 | 4672 (8.3%) | 4555 (8.1%) | 0.204 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 6836 (10.8%) | 6997 (9.9%) | <0.001 | 5598 (9.9%) | 5495 (9.7%) | 0.303 |
| Hypertensive diseases, n (%) | 17 534 (27.7%) | 16 485 (23.4%) | <0.001 | 13 738 (24.4%) | 13 913 (24.7%) | 0.226 |
| Hyperlipidemia, unspecified, n (%) | 9467 (14.9%) | 9436 (13.4%) | <0.001 | 7607 (13.5%) | 7638 (13.6%) | 0.787 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 3376 (5.3%) | 1523 (2.2%) | <0.001 | 1520 (2.7%) | 1486 (2.6%) | 0.530 |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | 1519 (2.4%) | 1432 (2.0%) | <0.001 | 1185 (2.1%) | 1191 (2.1%) | 0.901 |
| Overweight and obesity, n (%) | 8647 (13.6%) | 8197 (11.6%) | <0.001 | 6864 (12.2%) | 6884 (12.2%) | 0.856 |
| Gout, n (%) | 1471 (2.3%) | 1420 (2.0%) | <0.001 | 1151 (2.0%) | 1132 (2.0%) | 0.688 |
| Hypothyroidism, n (%) | 6743 (10.6%) | 5455 (7.7%) | <0.001 | 4944 (8.8%) | 4969 (8.8%) | 0.793 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 2490 (3.9%) | 2106 (3.0%) | <0.001 | 1829 (3.2%) | 1818 (3.2%) | 0.853 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Sulfasalazine, n (%) | 1902 (3.0%) | 2359 (3.3%) | <0.001 | 1710 (3.0%) | 1749 (3.1%) | 0.501 |
| Leflunomide, n(%) | 2078 (3.3%) | 1404 (2.0%) | <0.001 | 1359 (2.4%) | 1260 (2.2%) | 0.050 |
| Metoprolol, n(%) | 5066 (8.0%) | 4848 (6.9%) | <0.001 | 3948 (7.0%) | 3964 (7.0%) | 0.852 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 7353 (11.6%) | 7240 (10.3%) | <0.001 | 5822 (10.3%) | 5874 (10.4%) | 0.612 |
| Atorvastatin, n (%) | 5381 (8.5%) | 6207 (8.8%) | 0.039 | 4635 (8.2%) | 4532 (8.0%) | 0.262 |
| Rosuvastatin, n (%) | 1831 (2.9%) | 1997 (2.8%) | 0.547 | 1524 (2.7%) | 1502 (2.7%) | 0.685 |
| Simvastatin, n (%) | 1862 (2.9%) | 2001 (2.8%) | 0.284 | 1564 (2.8%) | 1561 (2.8%) | 0.957 |
| Metformin, n(%) | 3393 (5.4%) | 3995 (5.7%) | 0.011 | 3012 (5.3%) | 2938 (5.2%) | 0.324 |
| Adalimumab, n (%) | 1369 (2.2%) | 2921 (4.1%) | <0.001 | 1340 (2.4%) | 1336 (2.4%) | 0.938 |
| Golimumab, n(%) | 183 (0.3%) | 383 (0.5%) | <0.001 | 178 (0.3%) | 202 (0.4%) | 0.217 |
| Etanercept, n(%) | 1178 (1.9%) | 2252 (3.2%) | <0.001 | 1134 (2.0%) | 1165 (2.1%) | 0.514 |
| Infliximab, n(%) | 250 (0.4%) | 994 (1.4%) | <0.001 | 250 (0.4%) | 285 (0.5%) | 0.129 |
| Certolizumab, n(%) | 278 (0.4%) | 397 (0.6%) | 0.001 | 257 (0.5%) | 258 (0.5%) | 0.965 |
| Tocilizumab, n(%) | 361 (0.6%) | 443 (0.6%) | 0.162 | 317 (0.6%) | 328 (0.6%) | 0.664 |
| Abatacept, n(%) | 684 (1.1%) | 731 (1.0%) | 0.455 | 570 (1.0%) | 568 (1.0%) | 0.952 |
| Tofacitinib, n(%) | 609 (1.0%) | 733 (1.0%) | 0.146 | 519 (0.9%) | 532 (0.9%) | 0.687 |
| Upadacitinib, n(%) | 192 (0.3%) | 183 (0.3%) | 0.135 | 142 (0.3%) | 159 (0.3%) | 0.327 |
SD, standard deviation; Std. Diff., standardized difference; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; MTX, methotrexate.
Data presented as mean ± SD or n (%).