Table 2.

Studies documenting potential mechanisms through which proton pump inhibitors may cause damage to organs and the clinical utility of some PPIs in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease

No.	Study (first author/year)	Effect documented
1	Johnson D, 2013	In vivo studies have shown increased cardiovascular adverse effects with concomitant use of PPIs with clopidogrel
2	Badiola N, 2013	Lansoprazole use may exacerbate Aβ amyloid build-up
3	Lam J, 2013	≥2-year supply of PPIs or H2RAs was associated with B12 deficiency
4	Fallahzadeh M, 2010	PPIs may basify lysosomes and hamper the degradation of fAβ
5	Rojo L, 2010	Benzimidazole derivatives – lansoprazole and astemizole – can act as radiotracers in PET neuroimaging in in vivo early detection of Alzheimer’s disease