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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Dec 11.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2025 Jun 27;22(9):627–639. doi: 10.1038/s41571-025-01049-3

FIG. 2 |. Longitudinal microbiota and clinical data from a patient undergoing alloHSCT.

FIG. 2 |

This timeline displays the clinical course of a patient undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHSCT) relative to the day of cell infusion (day 0). The timeline includes the timing of cancer treatments (for example, melphalan or fludarabine phosphate), immunosuppressive drugs (methotrexate) and antibiotics (such as vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam and amikacin); and tracks white blood cell (WBC) counts, maximum body temperature (Tmax) and the occurrence of a blood culture testing positive for Escherichia coli, indicating bacteraemia. The stacked bar plots show the relative abundances of bacterial taxa in faecal samples, highlighting relevant shifts in the composition of the microbiota composition, such as the increase in E. coli preceding bacteraemia and subsequent microbial recovery. This personalized timeline illustrates the utility of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing and visualization with clinical metadata to monitor patients and anticipate infections, informing decision-making in the management of patients with cancer. The timeline was constructed from published microbiome and clinical metadata58.