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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Dec 11.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2025 Jun 27;22(9):627–639. doi: 10.1038/s41571-025-01049-3

FIG. 3 |. Integrating microbiota monitoring with computational models to manage the microbiota of patients with cancer.

FIG. 3 |

Computational models can assess the risk of microbial-related complications in patients with cancer during treatment, enabling early interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes. Mathematical ecology-based dynamic modelling of microbiota responses to cancer therapy and antibiotics can optimize treatment choices to minimize disruptions to the gut microbial ecosystem. Finally, rationally designed microbial consortia and targeted interventions can restore microbiota functions impaired by cancer treatments, improving patient outcomes.