| BDHQ | Brief Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire |
| BHI | Brain heart infusion |
| DP | Degree of polymerization |
| FOS | Fructo-oligosaccharides |
| GH32 | glycoside hydrolase family 32 |
| IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Inu | Inulin |
| JCM | Japan Collection of Microorganisms |
| jRCT | Japan Registry of Clinical Trials |
| Kes | 1-Kestose |
| n-6 PUFAs | n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| PCoA | Principal coordinate analysis |
| qPCR | Quantitative PCR |
| RA | Retinoic acid |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
| RF | Reinforced flora |
| SCFAs | Short-chain fatty acids |
| SRA | Sequence Read Archive |
| VAD | Vitamin A deficiency |