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. 2025 Nov 26;26(23):11457. doi: 10.3390/ijms262311457
BTB Blood–Testis Barrier
cAMP Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
DEHP Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
ER Endoplasmic Reticulum
GPX1 Glutathione Peroxidase 1
HIF-1α Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha
HPG Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal
HSP70 Heat Shock Protein 70
INSL3 Insulin-Like Factor 3
JNK c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
LH Luteinizing Hormone
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
MDA Malondialdehyde
MNP Micro- and Nanoplastic
mPTP Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
NF-kB Nuclear Factor Kappa B
PKA Protein Kinase A
PS-MP Polystyrene Microplastic
RIRR ROS-Induced ROS Release
SANRA Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles
SDH Succinate Dehydrogenase
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
CDC42 Cell Division Cycle 42
cGAS-STING Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes
EDC Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical
FSH Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
GnRH Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
HO-1 Heme Oxygenase-1
HPT Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Testes
IL Interleukin
IRE1α Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 Alpha
LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase
LHR Luteinizing Hormone Receptor
MAM Mitochondrial-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
MMP Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
MP Microplastic
mtROS Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
Nrf2 Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
RAC1 Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
SASP Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype
StAR Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein
ZO-2 Zonula Occludens-2